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Key message <p>This study identified a novel psychrophilic marine microalga with a ‘raphe-like’ structure in the cell wall and rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, revealing its cold adaptation mechanisms by integrated physiological and omics analysis.</p> Abstract <p>Microalgae are pivotal primary producers in global ecosystems, thriving across diverse habitats. However, the mechanisms that enable microalgae to thrive in cold environments remain poorly understood. In this study, a novel green microalga (designated LWD-1) was isolated from the Bohai Sea and phylogenetically classified as <i>Chlamydomonas</i> sp. through 18S rDNA sequencing and transcriptomic classification. Notably, a distinctive ‘raphe-like’ structure was observed across the entire cell wall of the LWD-1 strain, a novel morphological trait not previously reported in Chlorophyta. LWD-1&#xa0;exhibited optimal growth at 10&#xa0;°C, with strongly reduced growth above 15&#xa0;°C and showed lethality at 25&#xa0;°C. When cultivated at 10&#xa0;°C, LWD-1 exhibited enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, starch and triacylglycerol accumulation compared with the moderate temperature (20&#xa0;°C). Moreover, membrane lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content significantly increased in LWD-1 at 10&#xa0;°C compared with 20&#xa0;°C. Notably, the galactolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) was the most abundant membrane lipid in LWD-1, which was significantly increased at 10&#xa0;°C compared to 20&#xa0;°C. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes involved in carbon fixation, photosynthesis, glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism were upregulated in LWD-1 at the lower temperature. In addition, we identified key genes involved in cold adaptation in LWD-1 through transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Taken together, these results indicate that the novel psychrophilic green microalga LWD-1 is a promising platform for producing PUFA, oil and starch. This study also provides key insights into algal adaptation to cold environments.</p>

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Mechanisms of cold adaptation in a novel marine eukaryotic phytoplankton—psychrophilic microalga Chlamydomonas sp. LWD-1

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Di Zhang,
  • Songlin Ma,
  • Gerui Yin,
  • Shuo Lin,
  • Bailing Chen,
  • Keqing Liu,
  • Weidong Liu,
  • Yiwen Chen,
  • Baolin Jia,
  • Zhanyou Chi,
  • Fantao Kong

摘要

Key message

This study identified a novel psychrophilic marine microalga with a ‘raphe-like’ structure in the cell wall and rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, revealing its cold adaptation mechanisms by integrated physiological and omics analysis.

Abstract

Microalgae are pivotal primary producers in global ecosystems, thriving across diverse habitats. However, the mechanisms that enable microalgae to thrive in cold environments remain poorly understood. In this study, a novel green microalga (designated LWD-1) was isolated from the Bohai Sea and phylogenetically classified as Chlamydomonas sp. through 18S rDNA sequencing and transcriptomic classification. Notably, a distinctive ‘raphe-like’ structure was observed across the entire cell wall of the LWD-1 strain, a novel morphological trait not previously reported in Chlorophyta. LWD-1 exhibited optimal growth at 10 °C, with strongly reduced growth above 15 °C and showed lethality at 25 °C. When cultivated at 10 °C, LWD-1 exhibited enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, starch and triacylglycerol accumulation compared with the moderate temperature (20 °C). Moreover, membrane lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content significantly increased in LWD-1 at 10 °C compared with 20 °C. Notably, the galactolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) was the most abundant membrane lipid in LWD-1, which was significantly increased at 10 °C compared to 20 °C. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes involved in carbon fixation, photosynthesis, glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism were upregulated in LWD-1 at the lower temperature. In addition, we identified key genes involved in cold adaptation in LWD-1 through transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Taken together, these results indicate that the novel psychrophilic green microalga LWD-1 is a promising platform for producing PUFA, oil and starch. This study also provides key insights into algal adaptation to cold environments.