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Key message <p>In tomato, the 25 AHL family members were classifi ed into three subfamilies. SlAHL5 and SlAHL25 belonged to CladeB, interacted and enhanced salt and osmotic stress tolerence of transgenic Arabidopsis.</p> Abstract <p>AT-hook motif nuclear-localized (AHL) proteins participate in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. Their functions in the resistance to salt and osmotic stresses are largely unknown in tomato. Here, a total of 25 <i>AHL</i> genes in the tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) genome were identified. Phylogenetic and gene structure analyses indicated that they were classified into two clades and three subfamilies. Synteny relationship analysis demonstrated that all paralogous <i>SlAHL</i> pairs evolved under purifying selection. Promoter structure analysis revealed that many stress-related and phytohormone-related <i>cis</i>-acting elements existed. Gene expression pattern assays indicated that they had significantly different expressions in various organs, and most of them were up-regulated by high salinity and/or osmotic stress. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays demonstrated that SlAHL5 and SlAHL25, two nucleus-localized members in Clade B, interacted with each other to form a heterodimer, with SlAHL5 having self‐activation activity, which is absent in SlAHL25. Constitutive expression of either <i>SlAHL5</i> or <i>SlAHL25</i> increased the resistance of transgenic plants to both salt and osmotic stresses, as revealed by the promoted primary root growth and biomass production, the relatively higher chlorophyll and proline content, and the enhanced catalase (CAT) and peroxide dismutase (POD) activity under both stress conditions. Our study on <i>SlAHL</i> genes under different stress conditions reported here provides a basis for further functional analysis of <i>SlAHL</i> genes, as well as for the development of new breeding strategies to improve resistance to multiple abiotic stresses in tomato.</p>

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Characterization of tomato AHL proteins and their biological functions in the resistance to salt and osmotic stresses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月8日

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  • Yuqing Zhang,
  • Dong Li,
  • Xueao Liu,
  • Lixue Dong,
  • Baoyue Zhang,
  • Bingsong Yang,
  • Erkun Chao,
  • Chaoxia Lu,
  • Tianxiang Cao,
  • Shuangxi Xiong,
  • Hongxia Zhang

摘要

Key message

In tomato, the 25 AHL family members were classifi ed into three subfamilies. SlAHL5 and SlAHL25 belonged to CladeB, interacted and enhanced salt and osmotic stress tolerence of transgenic Arabidopsis.

Abstract

AT-hook motif nuclear-localized (AHL) proteins participate in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. Their functions in the resistance to salt and osmotic stresses are largely unknown in tomato. Here, a total of 25 AHL genes in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome were identified. Phylogenetic and gene structure analyses indicated that they were classified into two clades and three subfamilies. Synteny relationship analysis demonstrated that all paralogous SlAHL pairs evolved under purifying selection. Promoter structure analysis revealed that many stress-related and phytohormone-related cis-acting elements existed. Gene expression pattern assays indicated that they had significantly different expressions in various organs, and most of them were up-regulated by high salinity and/or osmotic stress. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays demonstrated that SlAHL5 and SlAHL25, two nucleus-localized members in Clade B, interacted with each other to form a heterodimer, with SlAHL5 having self‐activation activity, which is absent in SlAHL25. Constitutive expression of either SlAHL5 or SlAHL25 increased the resistance of transgenic plants to both salt and osmotic stresses, as revealed by the promoted primary root growth and biomass production, the relatively higher chlorophyll and proline content, and the enhanced catalase (CAT) and peroxide dismutase (POD) activity under both stress conditions. Our study on SlAHL genes under different stress conditions reported here provides a basis for further functional analysis of SlAHL genes, as well as for the development of new breeding strategies to improve resistance to multiple abiotic stresses in tomato.