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Key message <p>Pecan transcription factor CiNF-YC6, identified as nuclear-localized, significantly boosts fatty acid content in transgenic plants via activating lipid pathway genes upon overexpression.</p> Abstract <p>Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids beneficial for human health. Therefore, improving its quality is of considerable interest. The Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factor family plays essential roles in plant development and metabolism, yet its function in regulating seed lipid accumulation in woody oil-producing species remains poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized 44 NF-Y genes in Carya illinoinensis, comprising 12 NF-YA, 20 NF-YB, and 12 NF-YC members. Phylogenetic, structural, and cis-element analyses revealed conserved features and regulatory potential across the family. Among them, CiNF-YC6 exhibited high expression in developing seeds and other tissues. Subcellular localisation and yeast assays confirmed that CiNF-YC6 is a nuclear-localized transcriptional activator with the activation domain located at the C-terminus. Functional characterization using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and stable transformation in Arabidopsis thaliana showed that CiNF-YC6 overexpression significantly increased total fatty acid content and altered fatty acid composition. This enhancement was accompanied by the upregulation of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol (TAG) assembly. Our findings identify CiNF-YC6 as a novel regulator of lipid accumulation and provide insights into the transcriptional control of oil biosynthesis in a woody perennial species.</p>

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Genome-wide identification of NF-Y family in Carya illinoinensis and CiNF-YC6 role in fatty acid biosynthesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Linna Wang,
  • Lina Zou,
  • Zixian Yao,
  • Jinhua He,
  • Shunran Zhang,
  • Yan Xiang

摘要

Key message

Pecan transcription factor CiNF-YC6, identified as nuclear-localized, significantly boosts fatty acid content in transgenic plants via activating lipid pathway genes upon overexpression.

Abstract

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids beneficial for human health. Therefore, improving its quality is of considerable interest. The Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factor family plays essential roles in plant development and metabolism, yet its function in regulating seed lipid accumulation in woody oil-producing species remains poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized 44 NF-Y genes in Carya illinoinensis, comprising 12 NF-YA, 20 NF-YB, and 12 NF-YC members. Phylogenetic, structural, and cis-element analyses revealed conserved features and regulatory potential across the family. Among them, CiNF-YC6 exhibited high expression in developing seeds and other tissues. Subcellular localisation and yeast assays confirmed that CiNF-YC6 is a nuclear-localized transcriptional activator with the activation domain located at the C-terminus. Functional characterization using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and stable transformation in Arabidopsis thaliana showed that CiNF-YC6 overexpression significantly increased total fatty acid content and altered fatty acid composition. This enhancement was accompanied by the upregulation of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol (TAG) assembly. Our findings identify CiNF-YC6 as a novel regulator of lipid accumulation and provide insights into the transcriptional control of oil biosynthesis in a woody perennial species.