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Key message <p>Exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> lowers the C:N ratio, depleting starch/sucrose and suppressing flowering, while untreated control plants maintain normal C:N, ample carbohydrates, and higher floral-promoter expression, supporting floral initiation.</p> Abstract <p>This study elucidates the regulatory role of gibberellin-3 (GA<sub>3</sub>) in nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) metabolism and its association with bud dormancy in pitaya (<i>Hylocereus polyrhizus</i>). Exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> application completely inhibited floral bud development, maintaining dormancy, whereas untreated control plants progressed to active flowering. GA<sub>3</sub>-treated plants exhibited elevated nitrogen content but reduced carbon allocation, alongside significant declines in sucrose, glucose, fructose, total sugars, and starch compared with controls. Transcriptomic profiling identified numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to N/C metabolism, starch/sucrose pathways, and aligning with observed trends in nitrogen, carbon and sugar level changes. Key flowering-promoting transcription factors (TFs) (e.g., <i>PHYB</i>, <i>CRY</i>, <i>VIN3-like</i>, <i>TCP</i>) and floral integrators (e.g., <i>FY</i>, <i>FLK</i>, <i>AGL</i>, <i>FTIP</i>) were downregulated under GA<sub>3</sub>, while N-assimilation genes and dormancy-associated TFs (e.g., <i>CDF</i>) and floral inhibitors (e.g., <i>SOC1</i>) were upregulated. These results demonstrate that GA<sub>3</sub> disrupts the metabolic transition from N-to-C utilization necessary for floral activation, likely through coordinated suppression of flowering-promoting networks and enhancement of nutrient metabolism pathways. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into GA<sub>3</sub>-mediated dormancy and highlight its potential application in synchronizing pitaya cultivation cycles.</p>

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Transcriptomic insights into gibberellin-3-mediated regulation of bud dormancy and metabolic transition in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Kamran Shah,
  • Xiya Zuo,
  • Yonghua Qin

摘要

Key message

Exogenous GA3 lowers the C:N ratio, depleting starch/sucrose and suppressing flowering, while untreated control plants maintain normal C:N, ample carbohydrates, and higher floral-promoter expression, supporting floral initiation.

Abstract

This study elucidates the regulatory role of gibberellin-3 (GA3) in nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) metabolism and its association with bud dormancy in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Exogenous GA3 application completely inhibited floral bud development, maintaining dormancy, whereas untreated control plants progressed to active flowering. GA3-treated plants exhibited elevated nitrogen content but reduced carbon allocation, alongside significant declines in sucrose, glucose, fructose, total sugars, and starch compared with controls. Transcriptomic profiling identified numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to N/C metabolism, starch/sucrose pathways, and aligning with observed trends in nitrogen, carbon and sugar level changes. Key flowering-promoting transcription factors (TFs) (e.g., PHYB, CRY, VIN3-like, TCP) and floral integrators (e.g., FY, FLK, AGL, FTIP) were downregulated under GA3, while N-assimilation genes and dormancy-associated TFs (e.g., CDF) and floral inhibitors (e.g., SOC1) were upregulated. These results demonstrate that GA3 disrupts the metabolic transition from N-to-C utilization necessary for floral activation, likely through coordinated suppression of flowering-promoting networks and enhancement of nutrient metabolism pathways. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into GA3-mediated dormancy and highlight its potential application in synchronizing pitaya cultivation cycles.