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Key message <p><i>JrWOX5</i> promotes adventitious root formation and modulates plant architecture by interacting with key developmental regulators, providing novel insights into WOX-mediated organogenesis in woody plants.</p> Abstract <p>WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors, a plant-specific gene family, play essential roles in regulating plant development, including stem cell maintenance and organogenesis. Among the WOX genes identified in <i>Juglans regia</i>, <i>JrWOX5</i> exhibited significantly elevated expression during AR formation, suggesting a potential regulatory role in this process. To investigate its function, we employed a combination of bioinformatics analysis, subcellular localization, heterologous overexpression, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The JrWOX5 protein was localized to the nucleus. Ectopic expression of JrWOX5 in transgenic poplar markedly promoted AR formation and altered plant architecture, characterized by increased lateral branching and reduced plant height. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was conducted, and key candidate interactors were experimentally validated. JrWOX5 was found to interact with JrLBD16, a LOB domain-containing protein; JrLHW, a transcription factor; and JrCNR8, a regulator of cell proliferation. These findings indicate that <i>JrWOX5</i> interacts with developmental regulators, which may jointly affect organogenesis and plant architectural patterning. This study aims to provide a new insight into WOX-associated organogenesis in woody plants.</p>

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Functional insights into JrWOX5: a WOX transcription factor regulating adventitious rooting and plant architecture in walnut

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Rui-xue Gao,
  • Pu Zhang,
  • Ying-ying Chang,
  • Li Song,
  • Xiao-bo Song,
  • Dong Pei

摘要

Key message

JrWOX5 promotes adventitious root formation and modulates plant architecture by interacting with key developmental regulators, providing novel insights into WOX-mediated organogenesis in woody plants.

Abstract

WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors, a plant-specific gene family, play essential roles in regulating plant development, including stem cell maintenance and organogenesis. Among the WOX genes identified in Juglans regia, JrWOX5 exhibited significantly elevated expression during AR formation, suggesting a potential regulatory role in this process. To investigate its function, we employed a combination of bioinformatics analysis, subcellular localization, heterologous overexpression, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The JrWOX5 protein was localized to the nucleus. Ectopic expression of JrWOX5 in transgenic poplar markedly promoted AR formation and altered plant architecture, characterized by increased lateral branching and reduced plant height. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was conducted, and key candidate interactors were experimentally validated. JrWOX5 was found to interact with JrLBD16, a LOB domain-containing protein; JrLHW, a transcription factor; and JrCNR8, a regulator of cell proliferation. These findings indicate that JrWOX5 interacts with developmental regulators, which may jointly affect organogenesis and plant architectural patterning. This study aims to provide a new insight into WOX-associated organogenesis in woody plants.