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<p>Sjögren disease (SjD) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder classically diagnosed based on the presence of characteristic autoantibodies. While anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies remain classical diagnostic markers, emerging studies have identified additional autoantibodies with potential diagnostic and prognostic value. This systematic review summarizes current evidence on both established and novel antibodies in SjD. A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus for studies published up to December 2025. Keywords combined terms related to SjD (primary, secondary, pSS, sSS, sicca) and autoantibodies (SSA, SSB, Ro52, Ro60, anti-M3R, anti-CA6, anti-PSP, anti-SP-1, anti-CEP-1, anti-AQP). Searches were limited to studies involving humans and publications in English. Editorials, commentaries, case reports, interventional studies, surveys, and questionnaires were excluded. Reference lists of included articles were manually screened to identify additional relevant publications. Classical antibodies (anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB) remain the primary biomarkers in the diagnostic process; however, disease course varies among patients according to the antibody profile (Ro52, Ro60, La), which correlates with distinct clinical phenotypes. Novel antibodies, including anti-CA6, anti-PSP, and anti-SP-1, show promise as early biomarkers, particularly in seronegative patients. Specific antibodies have also been associated with systemic organ involvement. The spectrum of autoantibodies in SjD supports the diagnostic process and provides insights into disease heterogeneity and prognosis. Incorporating emerging antibodies into diagnostic panels may facilitate early detection. Large-scale, standardized studies are needed to validate the clinical utility of these novel biomarkers.</p>

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Beyond anti-SSA and anti-SSB. The clinical significance of new antibodies in the diagnosis of Sjögren disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Aleksandra Okoń,
  • Joanna Makowska,
  • Olga Brzezińska

摘要

Sjögren disease (SjD) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder classically diagnosed based on the presence of characteristic autoantibodies. While anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies remain classical diagnostic markers, emerging studies have identified additional autoantibodies with potential diagnostic and prognostic value. This systematic review summarizes current evidence on both established and novel antibodies in SjD. A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus for studies published up to December 2025. Keywords combined terms related to SjD (primary, secondary, pSS, sSS, sicca) and autoantibodies (SSA, SSB, Ro52, Ro60, anti-M3R, anti-CA6, anti-PSP, anti-SP-1, anti-CEP-1, anti-AQP). Searches were limited to studies involving humans and publications in English. Editorials, commentaries, case reports, interventional studies, surveys, and questionnaires were excluded. Reference lists of included articles were manually screened to identify additional relevant publications. Classical antibodies (anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB) remain the primary biomarkers in the diagnostic process; however, disease course varies among patients according to the antibody profile (Ro52, Ro60, La), which correlates with distinct clinical phenotypes. Novel antibodies, including anti-CA6, anti-PSP, and anti-SP-1, show promise as early biomarkers, particularly in seronegative patients. Specific antibodies have also been associated with systemic organ involvement. The spectrum of autoantibodies in SjD supports the diagnostic process and provides insights into disease heterogeneity and prognosis. Incorporating emerging antibodies into diagnostic panels may facilitate early detection. Large-scale, standardized studies are needed to validate the clinical utility of these novel biomarkers.