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<p>The worldwide prevalence of cancer and the constraints of traditional therapy have raised interest in efficient drug delivery methods. Biopolymer based nanocarriers have emerged as pivotal platforms in drug delivery, offering biocompatibility and tunable functionality. However, their clinical translation requires precise engineering of their physicochemical and biological properties. This review critically evaluates the design parameters of biopolymer delivery systems, focusing on the optimization of particle size (typically constrained to 50–200&#xa0;nm to balance circulation time and cellular uptake) and drug loading capacity (varying from 5% to over 30% depending on polymer-drug compatibility and core architecture). We contrast the mechanisms of enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation and analyze how these pathways dictate controlled release profiles. Furthermore, we address key translational hurdles, including the biological limitations of active targeting (such as ligand density thresholds and protein corona masking) and safety concerns like complement activation-related pseudoallergy. Finally, the present review explores novel developments in biopolymer-drug delivery systems, focusing on protein and carbohydrate derived biopolymers and outline regulatory and scalability requirements (GMP, ISO 10993) necessary to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale synthesis and clinical application.</p>

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A review of recent developments of bio-polymers as combined biomedical platforms over the past decade

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Nastaran Sadat Ghaemi,
  • Mahboubeh Amiri,
  • Mojtaba Moharramnejad,
  • Sahar Yarahmadi,
  • Javad Nabavi,
  • Mahdi Kahvand,
  • Mehrnaz Shahi,
  • Ali Ehsani

摘要

The worldwide prevalence of cancer and the constraints of traditional therapy have raised interest in efficient drug delivery methods. Biopolymer based nanocarriers have emerged as pivotal platforms in drug delivery, offering biocompatibility and tunable functionality. However, their clinical translation requires precise engineering of their physicochemical and biological properties. This review critically evaluates the design parameters of biopolymer delivery systems, focusing on the optimization of particle size (typically constrained to 50–200 nm to balance circulation time and cellular uptake) and drug loading capacity (varying from 5% to over 30% depending on polymer-drug compatibility and core architecture). We contrast the mechanisms of enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation and analyze how these pathways dictate controlled release profiles. Furthermore, we address key translational hurdles, including the biological limitations of active targeting (such as ligand density thresholds and protein corona masking) and safety concerns like complement activation-related pseudoallergy. Finally, the present review explores novel developments in biopolymer-drug delivery systems, focusing on protein and carbohydrate derived biopolymers and outline regulatory and scalability requirements (GMP, ISO 10993) necessary to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale synthesis and clinical application.