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<p>The mechanical, wear, fatigue, and thermal conductivity properties of epoxy-based composites reinforced with <i>Solanum trilobatum</i> stem fibre and cellulose extracted from cauliflower leaves were investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. The morphology of the extracted cellulose was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results indicated that the incorporation of fibre and cellulose influenced the overall performance of the composites, with variations observed across different formulations. The M5 composite (40 vol% fibre and 5 vol% cellulose) exhibited the highest mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 140.1&#xa0;MPa, flexural strength of 147.8&#xa0;MPa, and impact strength of 4.32&#xa0;J, along with improved fatigue life (30175, 29972, and 28780 cycles at 25%, 50%, and 75% UTS, respectively). In contrast, the M7 composite (40 vol% fibre and 9 vol% cellulose) demonstrated higher surface hardness (99 Shore-D), lower thermal conductivity (0.183&#xa0;W/mK), and enhanced wear resistance (specific wear rate of 0.27&#xa0;mm³/Nm and coefficient of friction of 0.67). These results highlight a trade-off between mechanical performance and tribological/thermal properties with increasing cellulose content. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, α = 0.05) confirmed that the differences among composite groups were significant. The findings provide insight into optimising hybrid composite formulations based on application-specific performance requirements.</p>

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Green structural composites: epoxy reinforced with Solanum trilobatum fiber and cauliflower leaf-derived cellulose

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • V. Kavitha,
  • R. Soundararajan,
  • R. Raffik,
  • L. Feroz Ali

摘要

The mechanical, wear, fatigue, and thermal conductivity properties of epoxy-based composites reinforced with Solanum trilobatum stem fibre and cellulose extracted from cauliflower leaves were investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. The morphology of the extracted cellulose was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results indicated that the incorporation of fibre and cellulose influenced the overall performance of the composites, with variations observed across different formulations. The M5 composite (40 vol% fibre and 5 vol% cellulose) exhibited the highest mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 140.1 MPa, flexural strength of 147.8 MPa, and impact strength of 4.32 J, along with improved fatigue life (30175, 29972, and 28780 cycles at 25%, 50%, and 75% UTS, respectively). In contrast, the M7 composite (40 vol% fibre and 9 vol% cellulose) demonstrated higher surface hardness (99 Shore-D), lower thermal conductivity (0.183 W/mK), and enhanced wear resistance (specific wear rate of 0.27 mm³/Nm and coefficient of friction of 0.67). These results highlight a trade-off between mechanical performance and tribological/thermal properties with increasing cellulose content. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, α = 0.05) confirmed that the differences among composite groups were significant. The findings provide insight into optimising hybrid composite formulations based on application-specific performance requirements.