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<p>The growing demand for sustainable, high-performance textiles has driven extensive research into advanced coating technologies for cotton fabrics. This review explores the evolution of cotton coatings from conventional chemical finishes to modern nanostructured and bio-based systems. Emphasis is placed on the design, mechanism, and functionality of coatings derived polymeric matrices (PDMS, polyurethane), natural biopolymers (chitosan, alginate, starch, lignin) inorganic oxides (SiO₂, TiO₂, ZnO) and biodegradable and ecofriendly materials. These materials, applied through techniques such as spray coating, dip-coating, and layer-by-layer, sol–gel processing assembly, enable cotton to acquire superior properties super hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity, UV resistance, flame retardancy, and self-cleaning without compromising breathability or comfort. The review further discusses structure property relationships, coating adhesion mechanisms, and the synergistic effects of hybrid organic–inorganic networks. By connecting nanotechnology with green chemistry, this work provides insights into the sustainable transformation and future direction of cotton fabrics into multifunctional, high-value materials suitable for technical, protective, and smart textile applications.</p>

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Multifunctional coatings for cotton fabrics: insights into polymer, hybrid, and bio-based-ecofriendly systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Manish Deore,
  • Aarti P. More

摘要

The growing demand for sustainable, high-performance textiles has driven extensive research into advanced coating technologies for cotton fabrics. This review explores the evolution of cotton coatings from conventional chemical finishes to modern nanostructured and bio-based systems. Emphasis is placed on the design, mechanism, and functionality of coatings derived polymeric matrices (PDMS, polyurethane), natural biopolymers (chitosan, alginate, starch, lignin) inorganic oxides (SiO₂, TiO₂, ZnO) and biodegradable and ecofriendly materials. These materials, applied through techniques such as spray coating, dip-coating, and layer-by-layer, sol–gel processing assembly, enable cotton to acquire superior properties super hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity, UV resistance, flame retardancy, and self-cleaning without compromising breathability or comfort. The review further discusses structure property relationships, coating adhesion mechanisms, and the synergistic effects of hybrid organic–inorganic networks. By connecting nanotechnology with green chemistry, this work provides insights into the sustainable transformation and future direction of cotton fabrics into multifunctional, high-value materials suitable for technical, protective, and smart textile applications.