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<p>Liquid polysulfides are widely used in sealants, adhesives, and coatings because of their chemical resistance, flexibility, and adhesion. In most industrial formulations, 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) is used as the crosslinking agent; however, TCP is highly toxic and poses serious environmental and health concerns. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether glutaraldehyde (GLH) can be used as a safer alternative crosslinker to replace TCP in the synthesis of liquid polysulfides, while maintaining or improving key material properties. Polysulfide polymers were synthesized by two routes: one using TCP and one using GLH as the crosslinking agent, under comparable reaction conditions. The resulting polysulfides were characterized and compared in terms of mechanical properties, flexibility and flow behavior, adhesion to typical substrates, and thermal properties. The GLH-crosslinked polysulfides exhibited markedly higher flexibility (a 210% increase in elongation at break and a 11&#xa0;°C reduction in glass transition temperature, T<sub>g</sub>), improved flow behavior (reduced viscosity across the 5–45&#xa0;°C application temperature range), and enhanced adhesion (an increase of 11&#xa0;N/25&#xa0;mm in T-peel strength). In contrast, TCP-crosslinked polysulfides showed higher tensile strength (an increase of 1.20&#xa0;MPa in tensile strength) and stiffness (an increase of 1.81&#xa0;MPa in tensile modulus). In conclusion, GLH is a promising alternative crosslinker for liquid polysulfide synthesis, offering improved flexibility, adhesion, and a more favorable environmental profile, while TCP remains preferable when maximum mechanical strength is the primary requirement. Therefore, the choice between GLH and TCP should be guided by the specific performance priorities of the intended application.</p>

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Glutaraldehyde as a safer and high-performance crosslinker for liquid polysulfide: a comparative study with 1,2,3-trichloropropane

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Jaber Mirzaei,
  • Masoud Khoshnood,
  • Sara Sadat Hashemi

摘要

Liquid polysulfides are widely used in sealants, adhesives, and coatings because of their chemical resistance, flexibility, and adhesion. In most industrial formulations, 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) is used as the crosslinking agent; however, TCP is highly toxic and poses serious environmental and health concerns. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether glutaraldehyde (GLH) can be used as a safer alternative crosslinker to replace TCP in the synthesis of liquid polysulfides, while maintaining or improving key material properties. Polysulfide polymers were synthesized by two routes: one using TCP and one using GLH as the crosslinking agent, under comparable reaction conditions. The resulting polysulfides were characterized and compared in terms of mechanical properties, flexibility and flow behavior, adhesion to typical substrates, and thermal properties. The GLH-crosslinked polysulfides exhibited markedly higher flexibility (a 210% increase in elongation at break and a 11 °C reduction in glass transition temperature, Tg), improved flow behavior (reduced viscosity across the 5–45 °C application temperature range), and enhanced adhesion (an increase of 11 N/25 mm in T-peel strength). In contrast, TCP-crosslinked polysulfides showed higher tensile strength (an increase of 1.20 MPa in tensile strength) and stiffness (an increase of 1.81 MPa in tensile modulus). In conclusion, GLH is a promising alternative crosslinker for liquid polysulfide synthesis, offering improved flexibility, adhesion, and a more favorable environmental profile, while TCP remains preferable when maximum mechanical strength is the primary requirement. Therefore, the choice between GLH and TCP should be guided by the specific performance priorities of the intended application.