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<p>The accumulation of agro-industrial shell waste poses significant environmental challenges while representing an underutilized source of valuable biopolymers. In this study, chitosan was extracted from shrimp shell waste and utilized as a sustainable matrix to fabricate an antibacterial nanocomposite incorporating Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene nanosheets and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via a green synthesis approach. The aim was to achieve enhanced antibacterial performance at minimal silver loading while maintaining environmental compatibility. Comprehensive characterization using UV–Vis, XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, and AFM confirmed the successful integration of MXene and AgNPs within the chitosan matrix, resulting in a stable multifunctional composite. The nanocomposite exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 50&#xa0;µg/mL for <i>Escherichia coli</i> and 52.33&#xa0;µg/mL for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Notably, the effective silver content in the composite was below 1&#xa0;µg/mL, demonstrating efficient antibacterial performance at a very low metal dosage. The enhanced activity is attributed to a synergistic mechanism involving electrostatic interaction of chitosan with bacterial membranes, oxidative stress induced by AgNPs, and membrane disruption by sharp-edged MXene nanosheets. The proposed approach highlights an effective pathway for converting shrimp shell waste into value-added functional polymer material and aligns with circular economy principles by coupling waste valorization with sustainable material design.</p>

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Valorization of shrimp shell waste–derived chitosan into a sustainable antibacterial polymer nanocomposite with MXene and silver nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Asima Pradhan,
  • Priyanka Rani,
  • Sovanlal Mondal,
  • Riya Sadhukhan,
  • Rosebin Babu,
  • Shivendu Ranjan,
  • Dipak K. Goswami,
  • Madhuchanda Banerjee

摘要

The accumulation of agro-industrial shell waste poses significant environmental challenges while representing an underutilized source of valuable biopolymers. In this study, chitosan was extracted from shrimp shell waste and utilized as a sustainable matrix to fabricate an antibacterial nanocomposite incorporating Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene nanosheets and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via a green synthesis approach. The aim was to achieve enhanced antibacterial performance at minimal silver loading while maintaining environmental compatibility. Comprehensive characterization using UV–Vis, XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, and AFM confirmed the successful integration of MXene and AgNPs within the chitosan matrix, resulting in a stable multifunctional composite. The nanocomposite exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 50 µg/mL for Escherichia coli and 52.33 µg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, the effective silver content in the composite was below 1 µg/mL, demonstrating efficient antibacterial performance at a very low metal dosage. The enhanced activity is attributed to a synergistic mechanism involving electrostatic interaction of chitosan with bacterial membranes, oxidative stress induced by AgNPs, and membrane disruption by sharp-edged MXene nanosheets. The proposed approach highlights an effective pathway for converting shrimp shell waste into value-added functional polymer material and aligns with circular economy principles by coupling waste valorization with sustainable material design.