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<p>Hybrid composites have attracted increasing attention for medical and prosthetic applications; however, achieving an optimal balance between mechanical strength, fatigue durability, wear resistance, and moisture stability remains a critical challenge for long-term biomedical use. In this context, the present study investigates the influence of Kevlar and Himalayan nettle fibers reinforced with carp fish–derived collagen macromolecules on the overall performance of hybrid polymer composites aimed at human prosthetic applications. Five different composite configurations were fabricated and evaluated: B (100 vol% pure resin), BF (30 v/v Kevlar and Himalayan nettle fibers), BFC1 (1 vol% collagen), BFC2 (2 vol% collagen), and BFC4 (4 vol% collagen). The composites were subjected to tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, fatigue, wear, and water absorption tests in accordance with ASTM standards. Experimental results revealed that the BFC2 composite exhibited the highest tensile strength (131.7&#xa0;MPa), flexural strength (149.5&#xa0;MPa), and impact resistance (4.8&#xa0;J). It also demonstrated superior fatigue performance, with lifetimes of 27,814 cycles at 25% UTS, 26,714 cycles at 50% UTS, and 24,612 cycles at 75% UTS, along with a low specific wear rate of 0.030&#xa0;mm³/N·m and a coefficient of friction of 0.21. In contrast, the BFC4 composite achieved the maximum hardness value of 98 Shore D, while the neat resin specimen (B) showed the lowest water absorption of 3.8%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of wear-tested surfaces revealed key failure mechanisms, including fiber delamination, micro-crack formation, surface roughness, and fracture behavior. Overall, the findings highlight the effectiveness of collagen-modified Kevlar–natural fiber hybrid composites in enhancing mechanical and tribological performance, demonstrating their strong potential as sustainable, high-performance materials for next-generation prosthetic components.</p>

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Characterization of carp fish derived collagen macromolecule and kevlar encapsulated himalayan nettle fiber-epoxy environmental friendly composite for human prosthetic application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Ravikiran Chintalapudi,
  • Viyat Varun Upadhyay,
  • Satyendra Singh,
  • Donti Ratnam Srinivasan,
  • Dhandapany sendil Kumar,
  • N. Nagabhooshanam,
  • Pritam Kumar Das,
  • G. Vijayalakshmi

摘要

Hybrid composites have attracted increasing attention for medical and prosthetic applications; however, achieving an optimal balance between mechanical strength, fatigue durability, wear resistance, and moisture stability remains a critical challenge for long-term biomedical use. In this context, the present study investigates the influence of Kevlar and Himalayan nettle fibers reinforced with carp fish–derived collagen macromolecules on the overall performance of hybrid polymer composites aimed at human prosthetic applications. Five different composite configurations were fabricated and evaluated: B (100 vol% pure resin), BF (30 v/v Kevlar and Himalayan nettle fibers), BFC1 (1 vol% collagen), BFC2 (2 vol% collagen), and BFC4 (4 vol% collagen). The composites were subjected to tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, fatigue, wear, and water absorption tests in accordance with ASTM standards. Experimental results revealed that the BFC2 composite exhibited the highest tensile strength (131.7 MPa), flexural strength (149.5 MPa), and impact resistance (4.8 J). It also demonstrated superior fatigue performance, with lifetimes of 27,814 cycles at 25% UTS, 26,714 cycles at 50% UTS, and 24,612 cycles at 75% UTS, along with a low specific wear rate of 0.030 mm³/N·m and a coefficient of friction of 0.21. In contrast, the BFC4 composite achieved the maximum hardness value of 98 Shore D, while the neat resin specimen (B) showed the lowest water absorption of 3.8%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of wear-tested surfaces revealed key failure mechanisms, including fiber delamination, micro-crack formation, surface roughness, and fracture behavior. Overall, the findings highlight the effectiveness of collagen-modified Kevlar–natural fiber hybrid composites in enhancing mechanical and tribological performance, demonstrating their strong potential as sustainable, high-performance materials for next-generation prosthetic components.