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<p>This work presents the development of multifunctional biocompatible scaffolds based on a chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate system, incorporating graphene as a structural and functional component. It is shown that graphene serves not only as a conductive additive but also as an active structure-directing agent, determining the material’s morphology and mechanical properties. In particular, graphene flakes stabilized with the block copolymer Pluronic induce the formation of an interconnected macroporous structure with pore sizes of 30–40&#xa0;μm during the cryogelation process. In this architecture, graphene also imparts electrical conductivity to the scaffolds while simultaneously exerting a pronounced reinforcing effect, increasing their compressive strength to 2.8&#xa0;MPa. Combined with this mechanical robustness, the scaffolds demonstrate an absence of cytotoxicity, a reduced inflammatory response upon implantation, and controlled resorption behavior. The combination of tunable porosity, mechanical strength, elasticity, biocompatibility, and electrical conductivity enables the use of the developed graphene-chitosan cryogels in regenerative medicine.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis and characterization of biocompatible cryogels based on chitosan, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and graphene with a controlled porous structure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • A. S. Buinov,
  • E. R. Gafarova,
  • K. N. Bardakova,
  • B. Ch. Kholkhoev,
  • V. M. Poglazova,
  • N. B. Serezhnikova,
  • Y. M. Efremov,
  • I. A. Farion,
  • D. I. Gapich,
  • V. A. Kuznetsov,
  • P. S. Timashev,
  • V. F. Burdukovskii

摘要

This work presents the development of multifunctional biocompatible scaffolds based on a chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate system, incorporating graphene as a structural and functional component. It is shown that graphene serves not only as a conductive additive but also as an active structure-directing agent, determining the material’s morphology and mechanical properties. In particular, graphene flakes stabilized with the block copolymer Pluronic induce the formation of an interconnected macroporous structure with pore sizes of 30–40 μm during the cryogelation process. In this architecture, graphene also imparts electrical conductivity to the scaffolds while simultaneously exerting a pronounced reinforcing effect, increasing their compressive strength to 2.8 MPa. Combined with this mechanical robustness, the scaffolds demonstrate an absence of cytotoxicity, a reduced inflammatory response upon implantation, and controlled resorption behavior. The combination of tunable porosity, mechanical strength, elasticity, biocompatibility, and electrical conductivity enables the use of the developed graphene-chitosan cryogels in regenerative medicine.

Graphical abstract