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<p>Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) has recently gained wide attention in the biological and industrial fields due to its advantages of environmental friendliness, easy modification, and good compatibility. However, the problems of high energy consumption, high cost, and low production efficiency brought by the low solid content of WPU products are restricting the further development of WPU. In addition, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are still generated during the industrial production of WPUs due to the addition of VOCs for viscosity reduction or solubilization. To solve these drawbacks, in this study, sulfonic acid/carboxylic acid-based WPU were synthesized in a one-step solvent-free process, and the viscosity of the prepolymers was lowered by adjusting the R-value, the dosage and ratio of sulfonic/carboxylic acid hydrophilic chain extenders to achieve the WPUs. Meanwhile, external emulsifiers were introduced, and a series of high solid content waterborne polyurethanes (H-WPUs) were prepared by an internal-external emulsification combination method using the amphiphilic molecular structure of the external emulsifier, and the effects of the type and dosage of the external emulsifier on the properties of the H-WPUs were investigated. In addition, the particle size distribution of the resulting H-WPU emulsions, the water resistance and the mechanical properties of the H-WPU films were also characterized. It was found that the solid content of H-WPU prepared in this study was more than 50%. The results showed that when <i>R</i> = 1.5, the total amount of chain extender was 3.55% (BES-Na accounted for 6%) and the external emulsifier was sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) at a dosage of 1.5%, the solid content of the H-WPU emulsion was as high as 51.41%, and the average particle size of the emulsion was 189.15&#xa0;nm, the tensile strength of the H-WPU film was 1.6 MPa, and the elongation at break was 610.7%, which was the best overall performance. This strategy provides a new idea for the preparation of stable WPU emulsions with high solid content.</p>

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Solvent-free preparation of high solid content waterborne polyurethanes by internal-external emulsion method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Yumin Huang,
  • YiFei Shi,
  • Mengting Liu,
  • Qiang Guo,
  • Haowei Chen,
  • Xiaobo Liu

摘要

Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) has recently gained wide attention in the biological and industrial fields due to its advantages of environmental friendliness, easy modification, and good compatibility. However, the problems of high energy consumption, high cost, and low production efficiency brought by the low solid content of WPU products are restricting the further development of WPU. In addition, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are still generated during the industrial production of WPUs due to the addition of VOCs for viscosity reduction or solubilization. To solve these drawbacks, in this study, sulfonic acid/carboxylic acid-based WPU were synthesized in a one-step solvent-free process, and the viscosity of the prepolymers was lowered by adjusting the R-value, the dosage and ratio of sulfonic/carboxylic acid hydrophilic chain extenders to achieve the WPUs. Meanwhile, external emulsifiers were introduced, and a series of high solid content waterborne polyurethanes (H-WPUs) were prepared by an internal-external emulsification combination method using the amphiphilic molecular structure of the external emulsifier, and the effects of the type and dosage of the external emulsifier on the properties of the H-WPUs were investigated. In addition, the particle size distribution of the resulting H-WPU emulsions, the water resistance and the mechanical properties of the H-WPU films were also characterized. It was found that the solid content of H-WPU prepared in this study was more than 50%. The results showed that when R = 1.5, the total amount of chain extender was 3.55% (BES-Na accounted for 6%) and the external emulsifier was sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) at a dosage of 1.5%, the solid content of the H-WPU emulsion was as high as 51.41%, and the average particle size of the emulsion was 189.15 nm, the tensile strength of the H-WPU film was 1.6 MPa, and the elongation at break was 610.7%, which was the best overall performance. This strategy provides a new idea for the preparation of stable WPU emulsions with high solid content.