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<p>This study investigates the synergistic effects of combining acrylic acid-treated empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres and nanosilica on the properties of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) composites. Nanosilica was synthesized from rice husks and characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. EFB fibres underwent sequential treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and acrylic acid (AA) to enhance fibre-matrix compatibility. Four composite formulations were developed: PLA with raw fibres (PLA/RF), NaOH-treated fibres (PLA/TF), acrylic acid-treated fibres (PLA/AAF), and acrylic acid-treated fibres with nanosilica (PLA/AAF + NS). The composites were fabricated with fibre loadings ranging from 10 to 50 wt%. The composites were characterized through mechanical testing and biodegradability analysis. Results demonstrated that the PLA/AAF + NS composite exhibited superior performance, achieving tensile strength of 42.6&#xa0;MPa and peak flexural strength of 202.31&#xa0;MPa at 30% fibre loading, corresponding to a 122% increase in flexural strength compared to neat PLA. The biodegradability study showed nanosilica incorporation effectively moderated the degradation rate to 14.2% at 50% fibre content while maintaining the composite eco-friendly characteristics. This research demonstrates the potential of combining treated natural fibres with nanosilica to develop sustainable PLA composites suitable for biodegradable semi-structural applications.</p>

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Influence of acrylic acid-treated EFB fibres and nanosilica on mechanical and biodegradation properties of poly(lactic) acid composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Wan Mohd Eqhwan Iskandar,
  • Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan,
  • Huei Ruey Ong

摘要

This study investigates the synergistic effects of combining acrylic acid-treated empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres and nanosilica on the properties of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) composites. Nanosilica was synthesized from rice husks and characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. EFB fibres underwent sequential treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and acrylic acid (AA) to enhance fibre-matrix compatibility. Four composite formulations were developed: PLA with raw fibres (PLA/RF), NaOH-treated fibres (PLA/TF), acrylic acid-treated fibres (PLA/AAF), and acrylic acid-treated fibres with nanosilica (PLA/AAF + NS). The composites were fabricated with fibre loadings ranging from 10 to 50 wt%. The composites were characterized through mechanical testing and biodegradability analysis. Results demonstrated that the PLA/AAF + NS composite exhibited superior performance, achieving tensile strength of 42.6 MPa and peak flexural strength of 202.31 MPa at 30% fibre loading, corresponding to a 122% increase in flexural strength compared to neat PLA. The biodegradability study showed nanosilica incorporation effectively moderated the degradation rate to 14.2% at 50% fibre content while maintaining the composite eco-friendly characteristics. This research demonstrates the potential of combining treated natural fibres with nanosilica to develop sustainable PLA composites suitable for biodegradable semi-structural applications.