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<p>In this study, the mechanical and pseudo-piezoelectric properties of silicone rubber (SR) incorporated with non-piezoelectric multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silver (Ag) fillers are systematically investigated. The total concentration of fillers (MWCNT and Ag combined) was carefully limited to 2 parts per hundred rubbers (phr). The composite containing 2 phr MWCNT exhibited a compressive modulus of approximately 2.51&#xa0;MPa, whereas the Hybrid-A sample showed the highest tensile modulus of 0.72&#xa0;MPa among all samples. In the electromechanical performance evaluation, the composite with 2 phr Ag generated the highest output voltage of about 10 mV, followed by Hybrid-A, Hybrid-B, and 2 phr MWCNT composites, which produced approximately 6 mV, 4 mV, and 3.5 mV, respectively. Durability tests confirmed that the output voltage generated under cyclic loading remained stable throughout the entire testing period. A tuning test performed on Hybrid-A showed output voltage of about 12 mV, which is twice to that of normal test. During real-time monitoring tests, Hybrid-A exhibited better output voltage compared to the other samples. The output voltage of approximately 5.96 mV was obtained for Hybrid-A by COMSOL Multiphysics electromechanical simulations, which is very close to the experimental results. The enhanced electromechanical performance of Hybrid-A clearly indicates that it has strong potential for practical applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Energy harvesting of MWCNT-silicone rubber composites by incorporating a small quantity of conductive silver nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Vishnu Shankar Dhandapani,
  • Vineet Kumar,
  • Donghyeon Lee,
  • Subramaniyan Ramasundaram,
  • Tae Hwan Oh,
  • Sang-Shin Park

摘要

In this study, the mechanical and pseudo-piezoelectric properties of silicone rubber (SR) incorporated with non-piezoelectric multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silver (Ag) fillers are systematically investigated. The total concentration of fillers (MWCNT and Ag combined) was carefully limited to 2 parts per hundred rubbers (phr). The composite containing 2 phr MWCNT exhibited a compressive modulus of approximately 2.51 MPa, whereas the Hybrid-A sample showed the highest tensile modulus of 0.72 MPa among all samples. In the electromechanical performance evaluation, the composite with 2 phr Ag generated the highest output voltage of about 10 mV, followed by Hybrid-A, Hybrid-B, and 2 phr MWCNT composites, which produced approximately 6 mV, 4 mV, and 3.5 mV, respectively. Durability tests confirmed that the output voltage generated under cyclic loading remained stable throughout the entire testing period. A tuning test performed on Hybrid-A showed output voltage of about 12 mV, which is twice to that of normal test. During real-time monitoring tests, Hybrid-A exhibited better output voltage compared to the other samples. The output voltage of approximately 5.96 mV was obtained for Hybrid-A by COMSOL Multiphysics electromechanical simulations, which is very close to the experimental results. The enhanced electromechanical performance of Hybrid-A clearly indicates that it has strong potential for practical applications.

Graphical abstract