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<p>The extensive utilization of tetracycline (TTC) antibiotics has resulted in substantial environmental pollution, highlighting the urgent need for effective remediation strategies. This investigation introduces a novel composite material comprising copper/iron layered double hydroxide integrated with polyurethane (Cu/Fe-LDH/PU) for efficient adsorption of tetracycline from aqueous environments. The composite was fabricated through a coprecipitation approach and thoroughly characterized via XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET, XPS, and TGA techniques. BET analysis revealed that the incorporation of PU markedly enhanced the textural properties of Cu/Fe-LDH, increasing the surface area from 81.17 to 197.0&#xa0;m²/g, with a high total pore volume of 0.2218&#xa0;cm³/g and mesopores with an average diameter of 4.51&#xa0;nm. Optimization experiments demonstrated maximum removal efficiencies of 29.15%, 61.15%, and 70% for pristine PU, Cu/Fe-LDH, and the Cu/Fe-LDH/PU composite, respectively, under ideal conditions (pH 5, adsorbent dosage of 0.09&#xa0;g/L, and contact time of 180&#xa0;min at 25&#xa0;°C). The composite exhibited exceptional performance, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 332.92&#xa0;mg/g, as accurately described by the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-second-order behavior, while thermodynamic assessments revealed a spontaneous and exothermic adsorption process. The material maintained excellent regeneration capability through five consecutive cycles using methanol as an eluent and was highly effective in treating real wastewater samples, demonstrating strong resilience against common coexisting ions such as chloride, sulfate, and phosphate. Green chemistry metrics (AGREE score: 0.75, AES score: 79, AMVI: 64 mL) confirmed the environmental sustainability of the approach. Economic assessment revealed a competitive production cost of 0.47 USD/g, establishing this composite as a promising candidate for large-scale water purification applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Enhanced tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions via novel Cu/Fe layered double hydroxide/polyurethane composites: comprehensive characterization, mechanistic insights: modeling and green chemistry evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Rehab Mahmoud,
  • Abdullah S. Alawam,
  • Ahmed A. Allam,
  • Asmaa Elrafey,
  • Abdelatty M. Radalla,
  • Doaa abd El Tawab,
  • Olfat Saied,
  • Samar M. Mahgoub

摘要

The extensive utilization of tetracycline (TTC) antibiotics has resulted in substantial environmental pollution, highlighting the urgent need for effective remediation strategies. This investigation introduces a novel composite material comprising copper/iron layered double hydroxide integrated with polyurethane (Cu/Fe-LDH/PU) for efficient adsorption of tetracycline from aqueous environments. The composite was fabricated through a coprecipitation approach and thoroughly characterized via XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET, XPS, and TGA techniques. BET analysis revealed that the incorporation of PU markedly enhanced the textural properties of Cu/Fe-LDH, increasing the surface area from 81.17 to 197.0 m²/g, with a high total pore volume of 0.2218 cm³/g and mesopores with an average diameter of 4.51 nm. Optimization experiments demonstrated maximum removal efficiencies of 29.15%, 61.15%, and 70% for pristine PU, Cu/Fe-LDH, and the Cu/Fe-LDH/PU composite, respectively, under ideal conditions (pH 5, adsorbent dosage of 0.09 g/L, and contact time of 180 min at 25 °C). The composite exhibited exceptional performance, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 332.92 mg/g, as accurately described by the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-second-order behavior, while thermodynamic assessments revealed a spontaneous and exothermic adsorption process. The material maintained excellent regeneration capability through five consecutive cycles using methanol as an eluent and was highly effective in treating real wastewater samples, demonstrating strong resilience against common coexisting ions such as chloride, sulfate, and phosphate. Green chemistry metrics (AGREE score: 0.75, AES score: 79, AMVI: 64 mL) confirmed the environmental sustainability of the approach. Economic assessment revealed a competitive production cost of 0.47 USD/g, establishing this composite as a promising candidate for large-scale water purification applications.

Graphical abstract