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<p>To address global environmental challenges and meet the growing demand for multifunctional sustainable materials, this study prepared ternary composite composed entirely of biomaterials—polylactic acid, cork particles, and silk fibroin short fibers using extrusion equipment. The honeycomb structure of cork particles enhances the thermal insulation and hydrophobic properties of the material while reducing its density. A three-dimensional network formed by the interpenetration of silk fibroin—characterized by its high aspect ratio and multiple polar functional groups—enhances the mechanical properties. Among them, adding 50% cork reduces the density of the composite by 38.5%, significantly enhances thermal insulation, and nearly halves the maximum rate of temperature change. The addition of 1.5% silk fibroin increases tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact toughness by 8.2%, 8.1%, and 11%, respectively, attributed to its high aspect ratio and hydrogen bonding interactions with cork. The composite also demonstrates good recyclability and accelerated soil biodegradability. A life cycle assessment reveals that the environmental impact is primarily associated with polylactic acid and its waste treatment, while the contributions of cork and silk fibroin are minimal. This study provides a feasible strategy for developing lightweight, thermally insulating, hydrophobic, mechanically robust, and fully biodegradable green composites, which hold promise for applications in packaging, building materials, and customized consumer products.</p>

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A fully bio-based multifunctional composite of polylactic acid, cork and silk fibroin for lightweight and thermal insulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月21日

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  • Guizhun Gao,
  • Zhixuan Pan,
  • Fengbiao Yao,
  • Chenglong Lian,
  • Baoxuan Liu,
  • Dexiu Min,
  • Shengxiang Zhang,
  • Yongfeng Li

摘要

To address global environmental challenges and meet the growing demand for multifunctional sustainable materials, this study prepared ternary composite composed entirely of biomaterials—polylactic acid, cork particles, and silk fibroin short fibers using extrusion equipment. The honeycomb structure of cork particles enhances the thermal insulation and hydrophobic properties of the material while reducing its density. A three-dimensional network formed by the interpenetration of silk fibroin—characterized by its high aspect ratio and multiple polar functional groups—enhances the mechanical properties. Among them, adding 50% cork reduces the density of the composite by 38.5%, significantly enhances thermal insulation, and nearly halves the maximum rate of temperature change. The addition of 1.5% silk fibroin increases tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact toughness by 8.2%, 8.1%, and 11%, respectively, attributed to its high aspect ratio and hydrogen bonding interactions with cork. The composite also demonstrates good recyclability and accelerated soil biodegradability. A life cycle assessment reveals that the environmental impact is primarily associated with polylactic acid and its waste treatment, while the contributions of cork and silk fibroin are minimal. This study provides a feasible strategy for developing lightweight, thermally insulating, hydrophobic, mechanically robust, and fully biodegradable green composites, which hold promise for applications in packaging, building materials, and customized consumer products.