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<p>Coaxial electrospun nanofibers based on natural biopolymers offer versatile systems for drug encapsulation; however, the association between solution properties, protein secondary structure, and nanofiber morphology remains uncertain. This study reports the development and physicochemical characterization of zein/gelatin coaxial nanofibers loaded with metformin. Rheological analysis showed Newtonian behavior for zein solutions and pseudoplastic behavior for gelatin–metformin solutions, both suitable for coaxial electrospinning. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed smooth, bead-free fibers with mean diameters ranging from 195 to 275&#xa0;nm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated amorphization of metformin within the nanofiber matrix. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and secondary structure analysis revealed increased molecular ordering and enhanced β-sheet content following coaxial electrospinning. These findings demonstrate how electrospinning-induced protein conformational changes influence nanofiber structure and drug incorporation, providing insight into the design of protein-based nanofibrous materials for pharmaceutical applications.</p>

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Zein/gelatin coaxial nanofibers for metformin encapsulation: assessment on composition, structure, and physicochemical properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Rodríguez-Félix Francisco,
  • Montaño-Grijalva Eneida Azaret,
  • Márquez-Ríos Enrique,
  • Del-Toro-Sánchez Carmen Lizette,
  • Rodríguez-Félix Dora Evelia,
  • Nalda-Molina José Ricardo,
  • Tapia-Hernández José Agustín,
  • Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan,
  • López-Peña Itzel Yanira,
  • Barreras-Urbina Carlos Gregorio,
  • Brown-Bojórquez Francisco,
  • Silvia Elena Burruel-Ibarra,
  • Irela Santos-Sauceda

摘要

Coaxial electrospun nanofibers based on natural biopolymers offer versatile systems for drug encapsulation; however, the association between solution properties, protein secondary structure, and nanofiber morphology remains uncertain. This study reports the development and physicochemical characterization of zein/gelatin coaxial nanofibers loaded with metformin. Rheological analysis showed Newtonian behavior for zein solutions and pseudoplastic behavior for gelatin–metformin solutions, both suitable for coaxial electrospinning. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed smooth, bead-free fibers with mean diameters ranging from 195 to 275 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated amorphization of metformin within the nanofiber matrix. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and secondary structure analysis revealed increased molecular ordering and enhanced β-sheet content following coaxial electrospinning. These findings demonstrate how electrospinning-induced protein conformational changes influence nanofiber structure and drug incorporation, providing insight into the design of protein-based nanofibrous materials for pharmaceutical applications.