<p>In this study, self-healing polyurethane-modified asphalt (BP) was initially prepared by incorporating dynamic disulfide bonds into the molecular framework of polyurethane (PU) and blending it with bitumen. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) was used to characterize the chemical structures of PU and BP. Excellent performance at both high and low temperatures, Resistance to Permanent Deformation, anti-fatigue performance, and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was used to investigate the self-healing properties of BP. Finally, a comparison was made between the healing properties of virgin asphalt and polyurethane-modified asphalt using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and the study examined how temperature and crack width influence the healing properties of modified asphalt. The DSR test results demonstrated that incorporating dynamic disulfide bonds improves the high and low temperature performance, resistance to permanent deformation, and anti-fatigue characteristics of BP. The fatigue healing experiment showed that the dynamic disulfide bond enhances BP excellent self-healing performance significantly, with the fatigue healing index of BP-4 up to 97.87% after healing for 1&#xa0;h. According to MD simulation results, polyurethane-modified asphalt heals more effectively than virgin asphalt, with higher temperatures and narrower cracks leading to shorter healing times. The study introduces innovative concepts and insights to enhance the durability of asphalt and foster the creation of new materials.</p>