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<p>The demand for sustainable, high-performance composites has created a need for natural fiber–reinforced systems with improved mechanical, durability, and environmental resistance properties. This study addresses this gap by developing epoxy-based composites reinforced with 30 vol% areca nut fiber and varying pectin filler contents from <i>Passiflora edulis</i> husks, with both reinforcements silane-treated to enhance fiber–matrix adhesion. Mechanical tests showed that the optimum formulation achieved ~ 28% higher tensile strength, ~ 24% higher flexural strength, and improved impact energy compared to the unfilled fiber composite. Fatigue life exceeded 27,000 cycles at 25% and 50% UTS, indicating strong cyclic load tolerance. Higher filler content enhanced hardness and creep resistance but resulted in a ~ 35% increase in water absorption. SEM analysis confirmed uniform filler dispersion and minimal interfacial gaps, correlating with the mechanical improvements. These results demonstrate that targeted filler loading can balance strength, durability, and moisture resistance, making the composites promising for demanding industrial applications.</p>

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Effect of pectin biopolymer addition on the mechanical, dynamic, and water absorption behavior of natural fiber-reinforced epoxy composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月4日

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  • R. Ashok Gandhi,
  • V. Jayaseelan,
  • S. Sambath,
  • Vijay Ananth Suyamburajan

摘要

The demand for sustainable, high-performance composites has created a need for natural fiber–reinforced systems with improved mechanical, durability, and environmental resistance properties. This study addresses this gap by developing epoxy-based composites reinforced with 30 vol% areca nut fiber and varying pectin filler contents from Passiflora edulis husks, with both reinforcements silane-treated to enhance fiber–matrix adhesion. Mechanical tests showed that the optimum formulation achieved ~ 28% higher tensile strength, ~ 24% higher flexural strength, and improved impact energy compared to the unfilled fiber composite. Fatigue life exceeded 27,000 cycles at 25% and 50% UTS, indicating strong cyclic load tolerance. Higher filler content enhanced hardness and creep resistance but resulted in a ~ 35% increase in water absorption. SEM analysis confirmed uniform filler dispersion and minimal interfacial gaps, correlating with the mechanical improvements. These results demonstrate that targeted filler loading can balance strength, durability, and moisture resistance, making the composites promising for demanding industrial applications.