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<p>This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with sisal fiber, jute fabric, and novel bio-fillers—Cashew nutshell dust (CNSD), kapok filler (KF), and wood sawdust (WSD)—using compression molding. The influence of these fillers on the mechanical, tribological, and physical properties of the composites was systematically evaluated. Results revealed that CNSD composites achieved the highest tensile strength (72&#xa0;MPa), representing a 64% improvement over WSD (44&#xa0;MPa) and 31% over KF (55&#xa0;MPa), while also exhibiting superior impact strength (14&#xa0;J/mm<sup>2</sup>, 69% higher than WSD and 12% higher than KF). WSD-based composites demonstrated the greatest compressive (260&#xa0;MPa) and flexural strengths (35&#xa0;MPa), with respective improvements of 86% and 133% compared to CNSD and KF, along with the lowest water absorption (8.77%). KF composites showed the highest hardness and maximum water contact angle (88.15°), confirming their excellent hydrophobicity and surface resistance. SEM analyses validated improved filler–matrix adhesion and reduced voids in optimized composites. The study demonstrates that strategic selection and integration of bio-fillers in hybrid natural fiber composites can yield sustainable, high-performance materials. These findings promote the use of agricultural and industrial by-products, supporting resource efficiency and environmental sustainability, and highlight the potential of such composites for structural, automotive, and industrial applications.</p>

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Mechanical characterization of various novel bio fillers in sisal fiber sandwiched jute fabrics in polymer composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • M. Muthu Samy,
  • N. Muthukumaran,
  • P. K. Miniappan,
  • G. Sathyamoorthy,
  • M. Ajona

摘要

This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with sisal fiber, jute fabric, and novel bio-fillers—Cashew nutshell dust (CNSD), kapok filler (KF), and wood sawdust (WSD)—using compression molding. The influence of these fillers on the mechanical, tribological, and physical properties of the composites was systematically evaluated. Results revealed that CNSD composites achieved the highest tensile strength (72 MPa), representing a 64% improvement over WSD (44 MPa) and 31% over KF (55 MPa), while also exhibiting superior impact strength (14 J/mm2, 69% higher than WSD and 12% higher than KF). WSD-based composites demonstrated the greatest compressive (260 MPa) and flexural strengths (35 MPa), with respective improvements of 86% and 133% compared to CNSD and KF, along with the lowest water absorption (8.77%). KF composites showed the highest hardness and maximum water contact angle (88.15°), confirming their excellent hydrophobicity and surface resistance. SEM analyses validated improved filler–matrix adhesion and reduced voids in optimized composites. The study demonstrates that strategic selection and integration of bio-fillers in hybrid natural fiber composites can yield sustainable, high-performance materials. These findings promote the use of agricultural and industrial by-products, supporting resource efficiency and environmental sustainability, and highlight the potential of such composites for structural, automotive, and industrial applications.