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<p>Natural rubber (NR), extracted from <i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>, has been employed in biomedical applications due to its angiogenic and wound-healing properties. However, its hydrophobicity and the presence of unsaturated bonds restrict its performance. To overcome these limitations, this study investigated the epoxidation of NR (ENR) and its subsequent blending with hyaluronic acid (HA), a polymer widely utilized in the medical field due to its hydrophilic and biocompatible properties. The resulting ENR + HA blend was characterized through different analytical techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of characteristic bands from both polymers, with no new bands appearing, indicating physical interactions between the components. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed three distinct thermal degradation stages, corresponding to the decomposition of the individual constituents. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the ENR + HA blend revealed two T<sub>g</sub> values: -48&#xa0;°C for the non-epoxidized NR phase and 78&#xa0;°C for the epoxidized phase. The higher T<sub>g</sub> relative to pure ENR (66&#xa0;°C) suggests restricted chain mobility caused by epoxy groups and potential interactions with HA. An exothermic event around 200&#xa0;°C was also detected, corresponding to HA degradation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed an irregular morphology, potentially favorable for cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix formation. Additionally, the swelling test demonstrated that the blend exhibited a high water absorption capacity (60%). These findings suggest that the ENR + HA blend exhibits promising properties for biomedical applications, such as scaffolds in tissue engineering or systems requiring enhanced hydrophilicity.</p>

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Epoxidized natural rubber with hyaluronic acid blend for potential biomaterial application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Gabriella Monteiro Alves,
  • Bruna V. Quevedo,
  • Eliana Aparecida de Rezende Duek,
  • Daniel Komatsu

摘要

Natural rubber (NR), extracted from Hevea brasiliensis, has been employed in biomedical applications due to its angiogenic and wound-healing properties. However, its hydrophobicity and the presence of unsaturated bonds restrict its performance. To overcome these limitations, this study investigated the epoxidation of NR (ENR) and its subsequent blending with hyaluronic acid (HA), a polymer widely utilized in the medical field due to its hydrophilic and biocompatible properties. The resulting ENR + HA blend was characterized through different analytical techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of characteristic bands from both polymers, with no new bands appearing, indicating physical interactions between the components. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed three distinct thermal degradation stages, corresponding to the decomposition of the individual constituents. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the ENR + HA blend revealed two Tg values: -48 °C for the non-epoxidized NR phase and 78 °C for the epoxidized phase. The higher Tg relative to pure ENR (66 °C) suggests restricted chain mobility caused by epoxy groups and potential interactions with HA. An exothermic event around 200 °C was also detected, corresponding to HA degradation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed an irregular morphology, potentially favorable for cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix formation. Additionally, the swelling test demonstrated that the blend exhibited a high water absorption capacity (60%). These findings suggest that the ENR + HA blend exhibits promising properties for biomedical applications, such as scaffolds in tissue engineering or systems requiring enhanced hydrophilicity.