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<p>The future of aerospace and automotive engineering is dependent on self-healing materials, which reduce maintenance requirements and enhance structural integrity. The objective of this research is optimal manufacturing and assessment of self-healing E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites using microencapsulated healing agents. The Taguchi approach was initially utilised to determine the ideal combination of processing parameters, microcapsule concentration, healing time and fiber volume %, to enhance healing efficiency and mechanical performance. A L<sub>9</sub> orthogonal array design was employed, and the findings were evaluated using signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and ANOVA, indicating that microcapsule content of 5% in weight and fiber volume of 60% were the most influential parameters. Composite specimens were manufactured utilizing the ideal parameter levels derived from this optimization. The optimized composites underwent a variety of mechanical tests, including flexural, tensile, and impact strength analyses, under four conditions: without self-healing, with self-healing, crack induced, and post self-healing as per ASTM standards. Results indicated a substantial recovery of mechanical properties under post self-healing. The flexural strength improved from 320&#xa0;MPa to 410&#xa0;MPa, while the tensile strength increased from 290&#xa0;MPa to 340&#xa0;MPa. Similarly, the impact strength rose from 55&#xa0;kJ/m² to 75&#xa0;kJ/m², demonstrating effective energy absorption after healing. The healing efficiency also enhanced over time, reaching 80% within 24&#xa0;h and ultimately regaining 88–90% of the original strength. These results validate the successful activation and functionality of the integrated self-healing system.</p>

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Optimization and assessment of self-healing thick E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites using microencapsulated healing agents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • B. Ramesh,
  • Ammar H. Elsheikh

摘要

The future of aerospace and automotive engineering is dependent on self-healing materials, which reduce maintenance requirements and enhance structural integrity. The objective of this research is optimal manufacturing and assessment of self-healing E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites using microencapsulated healing agents. The Taguchi approach was initially utilised to determine the ideal combination of processing parameters, microcapsule concentration, healing time and fiber volume %, to enhance healing efficiency and mechanical performance. A L9 orthogonal array design was employed, and the findings were evaluated using signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and ANOVA, indicating that microcapsule content of 5% in weight and fiber volume of 60% were the most influential parameters. Composite specimens were manufactured utilizing the ideal parameter levels derived from this optimization. The optimized composites underwent a variety of mechanical tests, including flexural, tensile, and impact strength analyses, under four conditions: without self-healing, with self-healing, crack induced, and post self-healing as per ASTM standards. Results indicated a substantial recovery of mechanical properties under post self-healing. The flexural strength improved from 320 MPa to 410 MPa, while the tensile strength increased from 290 MPa to 340 MPa. Similarly, the impact strength rose from 55 kJ/m² to 75 kJ/m², demonstrating effective energy absorption after healing. The healing efficiency also enhanced over time, reaching 80% within 24 h and ultimately regaining 88–90% of the original strength. These results validate the successful activation and functionality of the integrated self-healing system.