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<p>This study investigates rubber-based composites reinforced with flax microfibre and palm kernel shell lignin, focusing on their mechanical, fatigue, dielectric, and EMI shielding properties. Incorporation of these reinforcements markedly enhanced performance, with RFL2 (3 vol% lignin) exhibiting the most balanced characteristics. Its tensile strength increased from 19&#xa0;MPa (R) to 29&#xa0;MPa, while tear strength improved from 42 to 56&#xa0;MPa, indicating superior load transfer, energy dissipation, and crack resistance. Hardness (Shore-D) also rose to 48, reflecting reduced polymer chain mobility. Fatigue life of RFL2 was significantly extended, achieving 12,453, 10,431, and 8,241 cycles at 25%, 50%, and 75% UTS, respectively, confirming greater durability under cyclic loading. In terms of functional properties, RFL2 reached EMI shielding effectiveness of 24.16 dB (8&#xa0;GHz) and 52.36 dB (18&#xa0;GHz), demonstrating efficient absorption and reflection mechanisms. Dielectric performance was also enhanced, with a permittivity of 3.66 and loss of 0.60, suggesting strong charge storage and dissipation ability. SEM analysis confirmed improved interfacial bonding, minimal voids, and uniform filler distribution. Overall, RFL2 emerges as the most promising formulation, combining superior mechanical strength, fatigue resistance, dielectric behavior, and EMI shielding, making it highly suitable for electrical, structural, and protective applications.</p>

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Effect of lignin biopolymer, microfiber, and rubber matrix on the mechanical, fatigue, dielectric, and electromagnetic shielding properties of composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Sunil Padhiyar,
  • Jayesh Parikh,
  • Dhandapany sendil Kumar,
  • Mohammed Yousuf,
  • B. Sachuthananthan,
  • N. Nagabhooshanam,
  • M. Sreenivasa Reddy,
  • A. Saravanan

摘要

This study investigates rubber-based composites reinforced with flax microfibre and palm kernel shell lignin, focusing on their mechanical, fatigue, dielectric, and EMI shielding properties. Incorporation of these reinforcements markedly enhanced performance, with RFL2 (3 vol% lignin) exhibiting the most balanced characteristics. Its tensile strength increased from 19 MPa (R) to 29 MPa, while tear strength improved from 42 to 56 MPa, indicating superior load transfer, energy dissipation, and crack resistance. Hardness (Shore-D) also rose to 48, reflecting reduced polymer chain mobility. Fatigue life of RFL2 was significantly extended, achieving 12,453, 10,431, and 8,241 cycles at 25%, 50%, and 75% UTS, respectively, confirming greater durability under cyclic loading. In terms of functional properties, RFL2 reached EMI shielding effectiveness of 24.16 dB (8 GHz) and 52.36 dB (18 GHz), demonstrating efficient absorption and reflection mechanisms. Dielectric performance was also enhanced, with a permittivity of 3.66 and loss of 0.60, suggesting strong charge storage and dissipation ability. SEM analysis confirmed improved interfacial bonding, minimal voids, and uniform filler distribution. Overall, RFL2 emerges as the most promising formulation, combining superior mechanical strength, fatigue resistance, dielectric behavior, and EMI shielding, making it highly suitable for electrical, structural, and protective applications.