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<p>This study presents the synthesis and evaluation of a novel composite adsorbent derived from industrial sludge and natural clay, engineered into a Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) structure, for efficient removal of nitrate (NO₃⁻) from wastewater and agricultural runoff. The composite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and BET techniques. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of hydroxyl (–OH) and carbonate (CO₃²⁻) functional groups. XRD analysis revealed a layered crystalline structure with a basal spacing of 7.6 Å, while SEM and TEM images showed a plate like and lamellar morphology. BET surface area analysis indicated a specific surface area of 142.8&#xa0;m²/g, supporting mesoporous structure.Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions. The maximum nitrate adsorption capacity was 88.5&#xa0;mg/g, achieved at pH 6, initial nitrate concentration of 250&#xa0;mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 2.0&#xa0;g/L, contact time of 120&#xa0;min, and temperature of 25&#xa0;°C. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo second order model with R² = 0.987 and calculated qₑ of 86.2&#xa0;mg/g, indicating chemisorption. The isotherm data best fitted the Langmuir model with R² = 0.985, maximum adsorption capacity (qₘ) of 88.5&#xa0;mg/g, and separation factor (Rₗ) values ranging from 0.28 to 0.64, indicating favorable adsorption.Furthermore, the composite exhibited excellent reusability, retaining 82% of its initial adsorption efficiency after five consecutive adsorption desorption cycles. These findings demonstrate that the sludgeclaybased LDH composite is a promising, low cost, and sustainable material for the treatment of nitrate contaminated water.</p>

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Development and characterization of sludge clay based layered double hydroxide composites for potential nitrate (NO₃⁻) removal from wastewater and agricultural runoff

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Nawal Bahtiti,
  • Ahmed Abu-Rayyan,
  • Ahmed. H. Ragab,
  • Rania Elshypany,
  • A. Ebada,
  • El-Sayed M. El-Sayed,
  • Mahmoud F. Mubarak,
  • Saedah Rwede AL-Mhyawi

摘要

This study presents the synthesis and evaluation of a novel composite adsorbent derived from industrial sludge and natural clay, engineered into a Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) structure, for efficient removal of nitrate (NO₃⁻) from wastewater and agricultural runoff. The composite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and BET techniques. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of hydroxyl (–OH) and carbonate (CO₃²⁻) functional groups. XRD analysis revealed a layered crystalline structure with a basal spacing of 7.6 Å, while SEM and TEM images showed a plate like and lamellar morphology. BET surface area analysis indicated a specific surface area of 142.8 m²/g, supporting mesoporous structure.Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions. The maximum nitrate adsorption capacity was 88.5 mg/g, achieved at pH 6, initial nitrate concentration of 250 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 2.0 g/L, contact time of 120 min, and temperature of 25 °C. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo second order model with R² = 0.987 and calculated qₑ of 86.2 mg/g, indicating chemisorption. The isotherm data best fitted the Langmuir model with R² = 0.985, maximum adsorption capacity (qₘ) of 88.5 mg/g, and separation factor (Rₗ) values ranging from 0.28 to 0.64, indicating favorable adsorption.Furthermore, the composite exhibited excellent reusability, retaining 82% of its initial adsorption efficiency after five consecutive adsorption desorption cycles. These findings demonstrate that the sludgeclaybased LDH composite is a promising, low cost, and sustainable material for the treatment of nitrate contaminated water.