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<p>Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites reinforced with <i>Cissusquadrangularis</i> short fibers and ultra-porous nutmeg husk biochar were developed to address the dual challenge of structural reinforcement and multifunctional performance. The novelty of this work lies in the use of a hybrid natural fiber-biochar system, combined with silane surface treatment, to simultaneously enhance mechanical, thermal, dielectric, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties while reducing water uptake. Both untreated and treated series were fabricated to assess the role of interfacial modification. The treated composites consistently outperformed their untreated counterparts due to improved fiber-matrix adhesion, better filler dispersion, and reduced interfacial resistance. Among them, PTB1 delivered the best mechanical performance with tensile and tear strengths of 145&#xa0;MPa and 123&#xa0;MPa, respectively, while PTB2 achieved the highest functional properties, including a thermal conductivity of 0.49&#xa0;W/mK, dielectric permittivity of 4.8 with a dielectric loss of 0.72, and EMI shielding effectiveness up to 31.91 dB in the J-band. Water absorption was also minimized, confirming improved hydrophobicity. Overall, the results demonstrate that combining porous biochar with chemically modified natural fibers offers a novel, sustainable route to high-performance PVA composites with balanced structural and functional capabilities.</p>

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High-frequency EMI shielding and load bearing performances of PVA composite reinforced with Cissus quadrangularis fiber and ultra-porous nutmeg husk biochar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • A. Faizur Rahman,
  • R. Soundararajan,
  • M. Mohamed Ariffuddeen,
  • V. Narasimharaj

摘要

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites reinforced with Cissusquadrangularis short fibers and ultra-porous nutmeg husk biochar were developed to address the dual challenge of structural reinforcement and multifunctional performance. The novelty of this work lies in the use of a hybrid natural fiber-biochar system, combined with silane surface treatment, to simultaneously enhance mechanical, thermal, dielectric, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties while reducing water uptake. Both untreated and treated series were fabricated to assess the role of interfacial modification. The treated composites consistently outperformed their untreated counterparts due to improved fiber-matrix adhesion, better filler dispersion, and reduced interfacial resistance. Among them, PTB1 delivered the best mechanical performance with tensile and tear strengths of 145 MPa and 123 MPa, respectively, while PTB2 achieved the highest functional properties, including a thermal conductivity of 0.49 W/mK, dielectric permittivity of 4.8 with a dielectric loss of 0.72, and EMI shielding effectiveness up to 31.91 dB in the J-band. Water absorption was also minimized, confirming improved hydrophobicity. Overall, the results demonstrate that combining porous biochar with chemically modified natural fibers offers a novel, sustainable route to high-performance PVA composites with balanced structural and functional capabilities.