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<p>The growing demand for sustainable materials in corrosion protection and biofouling control has driven interest in bio-based polymer coatings. In this study, polymerized eugenol derived from clove oil (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>) was synthesized via cationic addition polymerization using H₂SO₄, achieving a 90.39% yield and a molecular weight of 11,335.2 Da. Structural analyses by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR confirmed successful polymerization through the disappearance of the allyl (C = C) band and the formation of new aliphatic proton peaks. The polymer exhibited notable thermal stability, showing an 88.27% weight loss between 310 and 442&#xa0;°C, a degradation peak at 366.7&#xa0;°C, and Tg/Tm values of 51.87&#xa0;°C and 420.74&#xa0;°C, respectively. As a coating, polyeugenol reduced the corrosion rate by 69% (0.0114&#xa0;mm/year) and exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>, strong antioxidant performance (IC₅₀ = 14.97 ppm), and low cytotoxicity. These results highlight the potential of polyeugenol as a multifunctional, bio-based, and environmentally benign coating for industrial and packaging applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Harnessing the power of clove (Syzygium aromaticum): polymerized eugenol as bio-based solution for corrosion resistance and antimicrobial coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana,
  • Gunawan Gunawan,
  • Ismiyarto Ismiyarto,
  • Nor Basid Adiwibawa Prasetya,
  • Marcelinus Christwardana,
  • Damar Nurwahyu Bima,
  • Roni Adi Wijaya

摘要

The growing demand for sustainable materials in corrosion protection and biofouling control has driven interest in bio-based polymer coatings. In this study, polymerized eugenol derived from clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum) was synthesized via cationic addition polymerization using H₂SO₄, achieving a 90.39% yield and a molecular weight of 11,335.2 Da. Structural analyses by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR confirmed successful polymerization through the disappearance of the allyl (C = C) band and the formation of new aliphatic proton peaks. The polymer exhibited notable thermal stability, showing an 88.27% weight loss between 310 and 442 °C, a degradation peak at 366.7 °C, and Tg/Tm values of 51.87 °C and 420.74 °C, respectively. As a coating, polyeugenol reduced the corrosion rate by 69% (0.0114 mm/year) and exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, strong antioxidant performance (IC₅₀ = 14.97 ppm), and low cytotoxicity. These results highlight the potential of polyeugenol as a multifunctional, bio-based, and environmentally benign coating for industrial and packaging applications.

Graphical abstract