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<p>Biobased plastic films have been widely used as a promising alternative to conventional plastics in various packaging industries. This study aims to produce composite starch-based bioplastic films that were incorporated with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). The highest tensile strength was observed for the film reinforced with 15 wt% (w/v) of CNFs and 5wt% of ZnO NPs which was around 17.2&#xa0;MPa as compare to the blank i.e. starch-based bioplastic (without CNF and ZnO NPs) film having a tensile strength of 5.12&#xa0;MPa. The bactericidal activity of prepared bioplastic films was also investigated and complete inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (i.e., 99.92%) growth was observed for ZnO-containing bioplastic films in 42&#xa0;h. Biodegradation of produced films was studied using <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> as standard fungi following the modified ASTM G21-70 method and a weight loss of around 49.66%, 54.97% and 40.733% was reported for the 2S56P4G,2S56P4G15%CNFs and 2S56P4G15%CNFs 5%ZnO respectively in 10 days. Soil burial test of obtained bioplastic films was also performed to study the biodegradation in soil over the time. It was observed that the film containing CNF and ZnO NPs degraded completely in 54 days as compare to blank (24 days). The efficacy of the developed films for packaging application was studied by wrapping the tomatoes in the films and the change in the physical appearance of the tomato was then period and it was observed that the shelf life of tomato wrapped in 15 wt% CNF and 5 wt% ZnO improved to 35 days as compared to the blank bioplastic film (7 days) when stored at temperature of 25–26&#xa0;°C. The degradation impact of the starch-based films on plant health (rooting and shooting of green gram plants on germination) was also carried out in order to mitigate the land/soil pollution caused by the degradation of based petroleum-based plastic in an environment when left untreated. It was observed that the shoot length of the plant increased to 17.3&#xa0;cm as compared to the blank films (15.7&#xa0;cm) whereas the root length of the plants decreased to 7.7&#xa0;cm as compare to the blank (7.9&#xa0;cm) when exposed to degraded films for the blank and CNFs-ZnO NPs incorporated film, respectively. The decrease in the root to shoot length suggests healthier soil with good nutrient availability and moisture content. Also it could be said that CNFs and ZnO NPs and other components of the bioplastic films were acting as fertilizers thereby promoting the growth of the plant. Hence, the use and degradation of starch-based bioplastic films have the potential to replace the single-use conventional plastic and can also help in mitigating the land/soil pollution.</p>

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Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles incorporated starch-based biodegradable films to mitigate plastic pollution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Rishpreet Kaur,
  • Indu Chauhan

摘要

Biobased plastic films have been widely used as a promising alternative to conventional plastics in various packaging industries. This study aims to produce composite starch-based bioplastic films that were incorporated with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). The highest tensile strength was observed for the film reinforced with 15 wt% (w/v) of CNFs and 5wt% of ZnO NPs which was around 17.2 MPa as compare to the blank i.e. starch-based bioplastic (without CNF and ZnO NPs) film having a tensile strength of 5.12 MPa. The bactericidal activity of prepared bioplastic films was also investigated and complete inhibition of Escherichia coli (i.e., 99.92%) growth was observed for ZnO-containing bioplastic films in 42 h. Biodegradation of produced films was studied using Aspergillus flavus as standard fungi following the modified ASTM G21-70 method and a weight loss of around 49.66%, 54.97% and 40.733% was reported for the 2S56P4G,2S56P4G15%CNFs and 2S56P4G15%CNFs 5%ZnO respectively in 10 days. Soil burial test of obtained bioplastic films was also performed to study the biodegradation in soil over the time. It was observed that the film containing CNF and ZnO NPs degraded completely in 54 days as compare to blank (24 days). The efficacy of the developed films for packaging application was studied by wrapping the tomatoes in the films and the change in the physical appearance of the tomato was then period and it was observed that the shelf life of tomato wrapped in 15 wt% CNF and 5 wt% ZnO improved to 35 days as compared to the blank bioplastic film (7 days) when stored at temperature of 25–26 °C. The degradation impact of the starch-based films on plant health (rooting and shooting of green gram plants on germination) was also carried out in order to mitigate the land/soil pollution caused by the degradation of based petroleum-based plastic in an environment when left untreated. It was observed that the shoot length of the plant increased to 17.3 cm as compared to the blank films (15.7 cm) whereas the root length of the plants decreased to 7.7 cm as compare to the blank (7.9 cm) when exposed to degraded films for the blank and CNFs-ZnO NPs incorporated film, respectively. The decrease in the root to shoot length suggests healthier soil with good nutrient availability and moisture content. Also it could be said that CNFs and ZnO NPs and other components of the bioplastic films were acting as fertilizers thereby promoting the growth of the plant. Hence, the use and degradation of starch-based bioplastic films have the potential to replace the single-use conventional plastic and can also help in mitigating the land/soil pollution.