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<p>An innovative, efficient, and eco-friendly method for preparation of high molecular weight chitosan was developed using the synergistic effects of ultrasound and microwave irradiation. The process involves two main steps: demineralization followed by simultaneous deproteinization and deacetylation of the raw chitin material. The prepared chitosan exhibited a high deacetylation degree of 85.2% and a molecular weight of 670&#xa0;kDa, suitable for various biomedical and environmental applications. Physicochemical characterization of the obtained chitosan included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which confirmed its chemical structure, crystallinity, surface morphology, and thermal stability. The molecular weight was determined using a falling ball viscometer. Compared to conventional methods, this ultrasound-microwave-assisted process is faster, energy-efficient, and minimizes the use of toxic chemicals, aligning with green chemistry principles. Importantly, it preserves a higher molecular weight (670&#xa0;kDa) than traditional method (324&#xa0;kDa), which typically result in a loss of molecular weight due to high temperature and harsh chemicals. This study demonstrates the potential of the ultrasound-microwave-assisted approach as a green alternative for high-quality chitosan production, with promising applications in various high-value sectors.</p>

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An innovative two-step eco-friendly process for high molecular weight chitosan production via ultrasound and microwave-assisted treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Hakima El Knidri,
  • Raja Belaabed,
  • Abdellah Addaou,
  • Ali Laajeb

摘要

An innovative, efficient, and eco-friendly method for preparation of high molecular weight chitosan was developed using the synergistic effects of ultrasound and microwave irradiation. The process involves two main steps: demineralization followed by simultaneous deproteinization and deacetylation of the raw chitin material. The prepared chitosan exhibited a high deacetylation degree of 85.2% and a molecular weight of 670 kDa, suitable for various biomedical and environmental applications. Physicochemical characterization of the obtained chitosan included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which confirmed its chemical structure, crystallinity, surface morphology, and thermal stability. The molecular weight was determined using a falling ball viscometer. Compared to conventional methods, this ultrasound-microwave-assisted process is faster, energy-efficient, and minimizes the use of toxic chemicals, aligning with green chemistry principles. Importantly, it preserves a higher molecular weight (670 kDa) than traditional method (324 kDa), which typically result in a loss of molecular weight due to high temperature and harsh chemicals. This study demonstrates the potential of the ultrasound-microwave-assisted approach as a green alternative for high-quality chitosan production, with promising applications in various high-value sectors.