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<p>Linear conjugated polymers (LCPs) typically suffer from poor processability due to their rigid backbones, strong π–π stacking interactions, and broad molecular weight distributions, which impede the formation of stable three-dimensional networks and limit their bio-related applications. To overcome these limitations, we synthesized a narrowly dispersed boronic acid-functionalized linear conjugated polymer (BALCP) with terminal boronic acid groups via confined polymerization. This design enables directional assembly and network formation in aqueous systems through boronate ester bonding with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The resulting PVA-BALCP composite hydrogel demonstrates both high protein-loading capacity and efficient enzyme catalytic activity preservation, representing a promising platform for developing advanced enzyme immobilization systems and stimuli-responsive smart hydrogels.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Hydrogel formation via conjugated polymer-polyvinyl alcohol complexation for protein encapsulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Jingbo Dai,
  • Zhubin Liu,
  • Donglai Tian,
  • Yanchen Deng,
  • Aiguo Hu

摘要

Linear conjugated polymers (LCPs) typically suffer from poor processability due to their rigid backbones, strong π–π stacking interactions, and broad molecular weight distributions, which impede the formation of stable three-dimensional networks and limit their bio-related applications. To overcome these limitations, we synthesized a narrowly dispersed boronic acid-functionalized linear conjugated polymer (BALCP) with terminal boronic acid groups via confined polymerization. This design enables directional assembly and network formation in aqueous systems through boronate ester bonding with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The resulting PVA-BALCP composite hydrogel demonstrates both high protein-loading capacity and efficient enzyme catalytic activity preservation, representing a promising platform for developing advanced enzyme immobilization systems and stimuli-responsive smart hydrogels.

Graphical abstract