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<p>A novel chitosan–nanobentonite ternary blend adsorbent was synthesized using chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), nanobentonite (NB), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with glutaraldehyde (GLU) as a cross-linking agent for the remediation of chromium and copper from aqueous solutions. The blend was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET, and zeta potential measurements. The 1:1:1 ratio of COS/NB/PEG-GLU showed the highest amorphous nature and was chosen for adsorption studies. The blend exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity. The antioxidant activity of the blend increased with increasing concentration. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to optimize various parameters, including pH (optimum—5), adsorbent dose (5&#xa0;g), contact time (6Hrs), temperature (300&#xa0;K), and initial metal ion concentration (50&#xa0;mg/L). Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models were studied. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>—0.9911 for chromium and 0.9766 for copper) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R<sup>2</sup>—0.9981 for chromium and 0.9982 for copper). Thermodynamic studies revealed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) and Cu(II) were found to be 274.27 and 203.13&#xa0;mg/g, respectively. Desorption studies using EDTA showed good regeneration of the adsorbent for three cycles. The mechanism of adsorption was explained by electrostatic and coordination interactions, along with van der Waals forces and H-bonding. The results confirm that the COS/NB/PEG-GLU blend is an efficient, economically viable, and sustainable adsorbent for the removal of chromium and copper from aqueous solutions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Development of a Novel cross-linked chitosan–nanobentonite ternary blend adsorbent for chromium and copper remediation: synthesis, characterization, and reusability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月8日

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  • M. Sweety Chellam,
  • A. Thaminum Ansari,
  • Z. Ansar Ali,
  • P. Supriya Prasad,
  • P. N. Sudha

摘要

A novel chitosan–nanobentonite ternary blend adsorbent was synthesized using chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), nanobentonite (NB), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with glutaraldehyde (GLU) as a cross-linking agent for the remediation of chromium and copper from aqueous solutions. The blend was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET, and zeta potential measurements. The 1:1:1 ratio of COS/NB/PEG-GLU showed the highest amorphous nature and was chosen for adsorption studies. The blend exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity. The antioxidant activity of the blend increased with increasing concentration. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to optimize various parameters, including pH (optimum—5), adsorbent dose (5 g), contact time (6Hrs), temperature (300 K), and initial metal ion concentration (50 mg/L). Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models were studied. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm (R2—0.9911 for chromium and 0.9766 for copper) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2—0.9981 for chromium and 0.9982 for copper). Thermodynamic studies revealed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) and Cu(II) were found to be 274.27 and 203.13 mg/g, respectively. Desorption studies using EDTA showed good regeneration of the adsorbent for three cycles. The mechanism of adsorption was explained by electrostatic and coordination interactions, along with van der Waals forces and H-bonding. The results confirm that the COS/NB/PEG-GLU blend is an efficient, economically viable, and sustainable adsorbent for the removal of chromium and copper from aqueous solutions.

Graphical abstract