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<p>This study investigates the mechanical, wear, water absorption, and flammability properties of vinyl ester composites reinforced with recycled PET core, industrial tanned leather, and silane-treated GFRP filler, offering a novel approach for sustainable material production. The composites were prepared by combining vinyl ester resin with varying amounts of GFRP filler (1 vol.%, 3 vol.%, and 5 vol.%) and 40 vol.% industrial waste leather. A PET core was integrated to enhance structural performance. The prepared composites were characterized for tensile, flexural, hardness, impact strength, wear resistance, water absorption, and flammability properties. The results demonstrated significant improvements in the performance of the composites. Specimen VLG2, containing 3 vol.% GFRP filler, exhibited superior mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 135&#xa0;MPa, flexural strength of 155&#xa0;MPa, Shore-D hardness of 83, and Izod impact strength of 6.4&#xa0;J. These improvements were ascribed to the filler particles’ ideal distribution, which enhanced the matrix’s ability to support loads and distribute stress. At a particular wear rate of 0.012 mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, water absorption of 0.47%, and flame propagation speed of 8.14&#xa0;mm/min, specimen VLG3, which contained 5 vol.% GFRP filler, demonstrated exceptional wear resistance and flammability performance while retaining a UL-94&#xa0;V-0 certification. The improved wear resistance was due to the higher GFRP filler content, which strengthened the composite against abrasion. The slower flame propagation and absence of flaming drips were attributed to the flame-retardant properties of GFRP filler and the char-forming ability of tanned leather. SEM analysis revealed that the uniform dispersion of fillers in VLG2 contributed to its superior mechanical properties, while the agglomeration of fillers in VLG3 did not significantly affect its wear resistance, water absorption, or flame performance. These findings highlight the importance of optimized material selection and microstructural design in developing durable, high-performance composites suitable for applications in industries such as automotive, aerospace, marine, and construction.</p>

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Development and characterization of structural composites using waste plastic core, rough cellular leather, and glass fiber-reinforced plastic additives: concept of waste recycling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

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  • V. Jayaseelan,
  • D. Jayabalakrishnan,
  • S. Sambath,
  • VijayAnanth Suyamburajan,
  • M. Seeman

摘要

This study investigates the mechanical, wear, water absorption, and flammability properties of vinyl ester composites reinforced with recycled PET core, industrial tanned leather, and silane-treated GFRP filler, offering a novel approach for sustainable material production. The composites were prepared by combining vinyl ester resin with varying amounts of GFRP filler (1 vol.%, 3 vol.%, and 5 vol.%) and 40 vol.% industrial waste leather. A PET core was integrated to enhance structural performance. The prepared composites were characterized for tensile, flexural, hardness, impact strength, wear resistance, water absorption, and flammability properties. The results demonstrated significant improvements in the performance of the composites. Specimen VLG2, containing 3 vol.% GFRP filler, exhibited superior mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 135 MPa, flexural strength of 155 MPa, Shore-D hardness of 83, and Izod impact strength of 6.4 J. These improvements were ascribed to the filler particles’ ideal distribution, which enhanced the matrix’s ability to support loads and distribute stress. At a particular wear rate of 0.012 mm3/Nm, water absorption of 0.47%, and flame propagation speed of 8.14 mm/min, specimen VLG3, which contained 5 vol.% GFRP filler, demonstrated exceptional wear resistance and flammability performance while retaining a UL-94 V-0 certification. The improved wear resistance was due to the higher GFRP filler content, which strengthened the composite against abrasion. The slower flame propagation and absence of flaming drips were attributed to the flame-retardant properties of GFRP filler and the char-forming ability of tanned leather. SEM analysis revealed that the uniform dispersion of fillers in VLG2 contributed to its superior mechanical properties, while the agglomeration of fillers in VLG3 did not significantly affect its wear resistance, water absorption, or flame performance. These findings highlight the importance of optimized material selection and microstructural design in developing durable, high-performance composites suitable for applications in industries such as automotive, aerospace, marine, and construction.