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<p>Melanin, a multifunctional natural polymer, offers unique antioxidant, antimicrobial, and photoprotective properties; yet, its integration into sustainable polymer matrices remains underexplored. In this study, melanin isolated from the endophytic fungus <i>Cladosporium sp.-HT207</i> was incorporated into carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to prepare free-standing nanocomposite films. Structural and physicochemical characterization (FTIR, XRD, AFM, TGA, and mechanical testing) confirmed strong melanin–CMC interactions, which enhanced thermal stability and improved tensile strength by up to 37% compared with neat CMC. Films containing 0.15&#xa0;wt% melanin nanoparticles exhibited the most promising multifunctional performance, showing high anti-inflammatory activity (65% inhibition of protein denaturation, comparable to aspirin), antioxidant capacity (62% DPPH scavenging, close to ascorbic acid), and broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity. These findings demonstrate that CMC–melanin nanocomposite films combine mechanical robustness with bioactivity, highlighting their potential for biomedical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Preparation and properties of nanocomposite films based on carboxymethylcellulose and melanin from Cladosporium endophytic fungus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Abdumutolib Atakhanov,
  • Nurbek Ashurov,
  • Muhitdin Abdurazakov,
  • Siroj Shakhobutdinov,
  • Svetlana Yugay,
  • Burhon Mamadiyorov,
  • Liliya Abdulmyanova,
  • Dilaram Ruzieva,
  • Saodat Nasmetova,
  • Toshkhon Gulyamova,
  • Huseyin Bekir Yildiz

摘要

Melanin, a multifunctional natural polymer, offers unique antioxidant, antimicrobial, and photoprotective properties; yet, its integration into sustainable polymer matrices remains underexplored. In this study, melanin isolated from the endophytic fungus Cladosporium sp.-HT207 was incorporated into carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to prepare free-standing nanocomposite films. Structural and physicochemical characterization (FTIR, XRD, AFM, TGA, and mechanical testing) confirmed strong melanin–CMC interactions, which enhanced thermal stability and improved tensile strength by up to 37% compared with neat CMC. Films containing 0.15 wt% melanin nanoparticles exhibited the most promising multifunctional performance, showing high anti-inflammatory activity (65% inhibition of protein denaturation, comparable to aspirin), antioxidant capacity (62% DPPH scavenging, close to ascorbic acid), and broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity. These findings demonstrate that CMC–melanin nanocomposite films combine mechanical robustness with bioactivity, highlighting their potential for biomedical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications.

Graphical abstract