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<p>The search for new antibacterial and antioxidant materials with potential applications in nanoparticle-based systems is crucial for advancing biomedical and food preservation technologies. In this study, a novel approach has been developed for encapsulating <i>Cleistocalyx operculatus</i> leaf extract (COE) into chitosan nanoparticles using a facile ionic gelation method with ultrasonic assistance. By investigating different ethanol concentrations, the study reveals that COE extracted with 60% ethanol boasts remarkably high polyphenol and flavonoid content, reaching 362.48&#xa0;mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract and 19.51&#xa0;mg quercetin equivalent/g dry extract, respectively. COE exhibits stronger antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.25&#xa0;mg/mL and 10.00&#xa0;mg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of COE, based on the free radical scavenging mechanism, is relatively high, with a half-maximal effective concentration of 6.14&#xa0;µg/mL. The resulting COE-loaded nanochitosan, with a particle size range of 178–270&#xa0;nm and a zeta potential of 22–24&#xa0;mV, remains highly stable without aggregation. Notably, the chitosan nanoparticles demonstrate an impressive COE encapsulation efficiency of up to 88%, ensuring effective retention of the bioactive compounds of COE in the chitosan matrix. Beyond encapsulation, the synthesized nanoparticles exhibit outstanding antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities, achieving over 95% bacterial inhibition against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, while significantly enhancing free radical scavenging activity to 94%. These findings introduce a new chitosan-based nanocarrier system with significant potential for applications in biomedicine, food preservation, and pharmaceutical formulations, offering a novel and effective strategy for enhancing natural bioactive compounds through nanotechnology.</p>

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A novel facile fabrication of antibacterial and antioxidant chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating Cleistocalyx operculatus leaf extract

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Nga H. N. Do,
  • Hieu Minh Cao,
  • Ha Chi Nguyen,
  • Nhu The Vo,
  • Nguyen Thanh Thao Pham,
  • Tam Phung Anh Le,
  • Viet Thanh Tran,
  • Kien A. Le,
  • Phung K. Le

摘要

The search for new antibacterial and antioxidant materials with potential applications in nanoparticle-based systems is crucial for advancing biomedical and food preservation technologies. In this study, a novel approach has been developed for encapsulating Cleistocalyx operculatus leaf extract (COE) into chitosan nanoparticles using a facile ionic gelation method with ultrasonic assistance. By investigating different ethanol concentrations, the study reveals that COE extracted with 60% ethanol boasts remarkably high polyphenol and flavonoid content, reaching 362.48 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract and 19.51 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry extract, respectively. COE exhibits stronger antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.25 mg/mL and 10.00 mg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of COE, based on the free radical scavenging mechanism, is relatively high, with a half-maximal effective concentration of 6.14 µg/mL. The resulting COE-loaded nanochitosan, with a particle size range of 178–270 nm and a zeta potential of 22–24 mV, remains highly stable without aggregation. Notably, the chitosan nanoparticles demonstrate an impressive COE encapsulation efficiency of up to 88%, ensuring effective retention of the bioactive compounds of COE in the chitosan matrix. Beyond encapsulation, the synthesized nanoparticles exhibit outstanding antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities, achieving over 95% bacterial inhibition against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, while significantly enhancing free radical scavenging activity to 94%. These findings introduce a new chitosan-based nanocarrier system with significant potential for applications in biomedicine, food preservation, and pharmaceutical formulations, offering a novel and effective strategy for enhancing natural bioactive compounds through nanotechnology.