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<p>In this study, bioplastic films were successfully prepared from natural polymers including starch extracted from Booth avocado seeds and nanocellulose fibers (CNFs) isolated from corn cobs. The effect of sodium metabisulfite concentration (0.4–1.0&#xa0;g/L) on the properties of the resulting starch was evaluated. The sample treated with 0.6&#xa0;g/L (AS-0.6) gave the optimal results with the highest crystallinity (9.4%), the highest gelatinization heat (36.24&#xa0;J/g), and starch recovery yield of 25.5%. SEM images showed that the obtained starch had elliptical and oval granules, with sizes of 10–20&#xa0;µm. CNFs were isolated from corn cobs by a simple nitro-oxidation method using HNO<sub>3</sub>/NaNO<sub>2</sub>, and the obtained nanocellulose fibers had diameters in the range of 15–19&#xa0;nm and high aspect ratio. FTIR and XRD analyses showed that hemicellulose and lignin were effectively removed, while the cellulose structure was preserved. The crystallinity index of CNFs reached 39.4%, which was significantly higher than that of the raw material (29.1%). Reinforcing CNFs into the starch matrix substantially enhanced the properties of bioplastic films. XRD results showed that the crystallinity of CNFs-reinforced bioplastic film (BF-0.4) (34.7%) was higher than that of unreinforced film (BF-0.0) (28.2%). In addition, the tensile strength increased by more than 2.5 times (from 2.91 to 7.27&#xa0;MPa), and Young’s modulus increased from 152.4 to 459.3&#xa0;MPa for the CNFs-reinforced bioplastic film, while the elongation at break decreased slightly. The water absorption capacity also reduced (about 20%) due to the tight network structure created by CNFs. This study has suggested a direction for the development of sustainable bioplastic materials from agricultural by-products.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Formulation of bioplastic films based on natural polymers from avocado seeds and corn cobs agricultural wastes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月27日

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  • Nguyen Chi Thanh,
  • Nguyen Bui Anh Duy,
  • Bui Phuong Dong,
  • Nguyen Thanh Huy,
  • Tran Anh Vy

摘要

In this study, bioplastic films were successfully prepared from natural polymers including starch extracted from Booth avocado seeds and nanocellulose fibers (CNFs) isolated from corn cobs. The effect of sodium metabisulfite concentration (0.4–1.0 g/L) on the properties of the resulting starch was evaluated. The sample treated with 0.6 g/L (AS-0.6) gave the optimal results with the highest crystallinity (9.4%), the highest gelatinization heat (36.24 J/g), and starch recovery yield of 25.5%. SEM images showed that the obtained starch had elliptical and oval granules, with sizes of 10–20 µm. CNFs were isolated from corn cobs by a simple nitro-oxidation method using HNO3/NaNO2, and the obtained nanocellulose fibers had diameters in the range of 15–19 nm and high aspect ratio. FTIR and XRD analyses showed that hemicellulose and lignin were effectively removed, while the cellulose structure was preserved. The crystallinity index of CNFs reached 39.4%, which was significantly higher than that of the raw material (29.1%). Reinforcing CNFs into the starch matrix substantially enhanced the properties of bioplastic films. XRD results showed that the crystallinity of CNFs-reinforced bioplastic film (BF-0.4) (34.7%) was higher than that of unreinforced film (BF-0.0) (28.2%). In addition, the tensile strength increased by more than 2.5 times (from 2.91 to 7.27 MPa), and Young’s modulus increased from 152.4 to 459.3 MPa for the CNFs-reinforced bioplastic film, while the elongation at break decreased slightly. The water absorption capacity also reduced (about 20%) due to the tight network structure created by CNFs. This study has suggested a direction for the development of sustainable bioplastic materials from agricultural by-products.

Graphical abstract