<p>A polymer composite based on PLA/MBGs-LVFX/PVA with unidirectional drug release property was prepared with mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) as a drug-loading layer, polylactic acid (PLA) as a barrier layer, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a controlled release layer. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and small-angle X-ray scattering were employed to characterize the composition and structure of the PLA/MBGs-LVFX/PVA unidirectional drug release system. Nitrogen absorption characterization confirmed that the specific surface area of MBGs reached 485.6&#xa0;m²/g with an average pore diameter of 6&#xa0;nm. The PLA/MBGs-LVFX/PVA polymer composite exhibited a levofloxacin hydrochloride (LVFX) loading capacity of 41.17%, an encapsulation efficiency of 66.5%, and a cumulative release rate reaching 61.28% within 24&#xa0;h, demonstrating excellent drug loading and release capabilities. The mechanism by which PVA controlled the release of LVFX was discussed. The biodegradation of the drug release system in PBS led to a certain increase in pH, which is conducive to bactericidal efficacy. In vitro bioactivity assessment confirmed that this drug release system had no significant cytotoxicity at a reasonable dosage. This unidirectional drug release film is expected to achieve targeted drug delivery to focal sites rich in sensitive nerves, thereby improving drug efficacy and reducing side effects on the nervous system.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>