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<p>To address the limitations of conventional methods for fabricating porous materials, which suffer from (1) poorly controlled pore size&#xa0;and pores arrangement, (2) complex processing, (3) lack of eco-friendly materials and (4) limited mechanical properties, we propose an approach for creating porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structure with spherical cavities by using hydrogel based on natural polymers and enhancing its mechanical properties. In this method, macro-gel particles formed from sodium alginate and calcium chloride are incorporated into a PDMS solution as water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, serving as pore templates. The porous structure can be tuned by adjusting parameters such as the concentration of sodium alginate aqueous solution, choice of diluting solvents for PDMS, surfactant type, and the emulsion method. We also observed that the porous PDMS structure via gels might have hydrophilic pores. This technique enables (1) precise structural control, (2) a streamlined, single-step fabrication process that combines the creation of the&#xa0;porous PDMS structure with functionalization (e.g., surface modification and permeability), and (3) a mild synthesis utilizing natural polymers, PDMS and eco-friendly surfactants to minimize environmental impact. Additionally, we explore (4) the reinforcement of mechanical properties of porous materials through the incorporation of silica particles.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable fabrication of porous PDMS materials using hydrogel particles: Controlled pore structure and mechanical reinforcement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月9日

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  • Ryoh Katoh,
  • Junji Watanabe

摘要

To address the limitations of conventional methods for fabricating porous materials, which suffer from (1) poorly controlled pore size and pores arrangement, (2) complex processing, (3) lack of eco-friendly materials and (4) limited mechanical properties, we propose an approach for creating porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structure with spherical cavities by using hydrogel based on natural polymers and enhancing its mechanical properties. In this method, macro-gel particles formed from sodium alginate and calcium chloride are incorporated into a PDMS solution as water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, serving as pore templates. The porous structure can be tuned by adjusting parameters such as the concentration of sodium alginate aqueous solution, choice of diluting solvents for PDMS, surfactant type, and the emulsion method. We also observed that the porous PDMS structure via gels might have hydrophilic pores. This technique enables (1) precise structural control, (2) a streamlined, single-step fabrication process that combines the creation of the porous PDMS structure with functionalization (e.g., surface modification and permeability), and (3) a mild synthesis utilizing natural polymers, PDMS and eco-friendly surfactants to minimize environmental impact. Additionally, we explore (4) the reinforcement of mechanical properties of porous materials through the incorporation of silica particles.

Graphical Abstract