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<p>The study focuses on the incorporation of ethanolic fractions of <i>Clerodendrum infortunatum</i> leaves (ELCI) into polycaprolactone–polyethylene glycol (PCL-PEG) electrospun scaffolds and the subsequent characterization, in vitro and in vivo analysis. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of N, Na, Mn, Fe, among others, providing evidence of the integration of bioactive molecules from the plant source into the scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the nanofibrous morphology of both PCL-PEG and ELCI+PCL-PEG scaffolds, with average fibre diameters of 101&#xa0;nm and 241&#xa0;nm, respectively. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) studies indicated a reduction in pore size for the ELCI+PCL-PEG scaffold compared to the PCL-PEG scaffold alone. The wettability of the polymeric film was analysed by contact angle measurements. The release profile of ELCI was observed from the ELCI+PCL-PEG scaffolds. Furthermore, degradation of scaffolds was determined in terms of weight loss over a period of 28&#xa0;days. In vitro analysis using L929 fibroblast cells showed higher cell viability (94%) on the ELCI+PCL-PEG scaffold compared to the PCL-PEG scaffold (80.81%), suggesting enhanced cell proliferation with phytochemical incorporation. Also, electrospun scaffolds (ISO-10993.6) were subcutaneously implanted beneath the skin of Sprague Dawley rats for 1 and 4&#xa0;weeks to assess their local effects. The results were used to comprehend the compatibility of scaffolds with animal model, and the implanted areas showed no infection or irritation and macroscopic appearance remained intact throughout the investigation. The histological pattern and gene expression (<i>Il 6</i> (interleukin 6) and <i>Tgf β</i> (transforming growth factor β) studies revealed the scaffolds did not elicit any toxic or damaging responses.</p>

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Development and biological testing of Clerodendrum infortunatum impregnated electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • Neethu Letha,
  • B. Hari,
  • Annie Abraham

摘要

The study focuses on the incorporation of ethanolic fractions of Clerodendrum infortunatum leaves (ELCI) into polycaprolactone–polyethylene glycol (PCL-PEG) electrospun scaffolds and the subsequent characterization, in vitro and in vivo analysis. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of N, Na, Mn, Fe, among others, providing evidence of the integration of bioactive molecules from the plant source into the scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the nanofibrous morphology of both PCL-PEG and ELCI+PCL-PEG scaffolds, with average fibre diameters of 101 nm and 241 nm, respectively. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) studies indicated a reduction in pore size for the ELCI+PCL-PEG scaffold compared to the PCL-PEG scaffold alone. The wettability of the polymeric film was analysed by contact angle measurements. The release profile of ELCI was observed from the ELCI+PCL-PEG scaffolds. Furthermore, degradation of scaffolds was determined in terms of weight loss over a period of 28 days. In vitro analysis using L929 fibroblast cells showed higher cell viability (94%) on the ELCI+PCL-PEG scaffold compared to the PCL-PEG scaffold (80.81%), suggesting enhanced cell proliferation with phytochemical incorporation. Also, electrospun scaffolds (ISO-10993.6) were subcutaneously implanted beneath the skin of Sprague Dawley rats for 1 and 4 weeks to assess their local effects. The results were used to comprehend the compatibility of scaffolds with animal model, and the implanted areas showed no infection or irritation and macroscopic appearance remained intact throughout the investigation. The histological pattern and gene expression (Il 6 (interleukin 6) and Tgf β (transforming growth factor β) studies revealed the scaffolds did not elicit any toxic or damaging responses.