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<p>This study presents the development of novel electrospun gelatin nanofibers cross-linked with carbodiimide (EDC) as a delivery system for propranolol (POP). The nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning, followed by cross-linking with varying concentrations of EDC and <i>N</i>-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (0.1&#xa0;mmol, 0.5&#xa0;mmol, and 1.0&#xa0;mmol). The nanofibers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing. The degree of cross-linking was evaluated using ninhydrin assays, with the highest degree observed for the GeC-0.1 membrane (cross-linked with 0.1&#xa0;mmol of EDC). Homogeneous gelatin nanofibers with diameters below 276&#xa0;nm were obtained. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of cross-links within the gelatin matrix and suggested possible interactions with the drug. Furthermore, nanofibers with a higher degree of cross-linking exhibited enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, making them suitable for drug delivery applications. In vitro release studies of the GeC-0.1/POP membrane were conducted in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4), showing gradual drug release over 13&#xa0;h, achieving a cumulative release of 99.2%. Kinetic modeling indicated that drug release followed first-order and Korsmeyer–Peppas models, suggesting a combination of controlled dissolution, swelling, and drug diffusion through the polymer matrix. Therefore, cross-linked gelatin nanofibers represent a promising candidate for controlled drug release systems.</p>

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Electrospun gelatin nanofibrous membranes: effect of carbodiimide cross-linking and release profile of propranolol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月5日

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  • Marcelo de Souza dos Santos,
  • Italo Rennan Sousa Vieira,
  • Karina Cesca,
  • Clara Mariana Barros Calado,
  • Mara Gabriela Novy Quadri

摘要

This study presents the development of novel electrospun gelatin nanofibers cross-linked with carbodiimide (EDC) as a delivery system for propranolol (POP). The nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning, followed by cross-linking with varying concentrations of EDC and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (0.1 mmol, 0.5 mmol, and 1.0 mmol). The nanofibers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing. The degree of cross-linking was evaluated using ninhydrin assays, with the highest degree observed for the GeC-0.1 membrane (cross-linked with 0.1 mmol of EDC). Homogeneous gelatin nanofibers with diameters below 276 nm were obtained. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of cross-links within the gelatin matrix and suggested possible interactions with the drug. Furthermore, nanofibers with a higher degree of cross-linking exhibited enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, making them suitable for drug delivery applications. In vitro release studies of the GeC-0.1/POP membrane were conducted in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4), showing gradual drug release over 13 h, achieving a cumulative release of 99.2%. Kinetic modeling indicated that drug release followed first-order and Korsmeyer–Peppas models, suggesting a combination of controlled dissolution, swelling, and drug diffusion through the polymer matrix. Therefore, cross-linked gelatin nanofibers represent a promising candidate for controlled drug release systems.