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<p>The current study reported the in-air synthesis of novel adsorbents based on <i>Albizia lebbeck</i> bark powder and Chitosan in air conditions. The synthesized hydrogels are further optimized by using response surface methodology to maximize the percentage of fluid uptake. The most significant factors and most optimal conditions were found by using central composite design. The most optimal conditions are: backbone ratio (1:1.2), pH (9), concentration of cross-linker (0.040&#xa0;mol. L<sup>−1</sup>), time (24&#xa0;h.), and concentration of initiator (0.0027&#xa0;mol. L<sup>−1</sup>) to obtain the hydrogel with a mean maximum percentage swelling of 607.06%. The synthesized samples are analyzed by using a variety of characterization techniques like FTIR, FESEM, XRD, and EDS. Further, the hydrogel material is investigated as an adsorbent for the removal of Rose Bengal dye from the wastewater. It has been found that 93.75% of dye is removed in just 2.5&#xa0;h. The negative values of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="289_2025_5816_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta G\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at all temperatures confirmed the adsorption of Rose Bengal is spontaneous. Therefore, the synthesized adsorbent effectively removes the toxic dye from wastewater, making it a sustainable and environment friendly approach.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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RSM-CCD optimized in-air synthesis of Albizia lebbeck and chitosan-based hydrogels: application as sustainable adsorbents in Rose Bengal dye removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月30日

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  • Kuljit Kaur,
  • Anmol,
  • Lakhveer Kaur

摘要

The current study reported the in-air synthesis of novel adsorbents based on Albizia lebbeck bark powder and Chitosan in air conditions. The synthesized hydrogels are further optimized by using response surface methodology to maximize the percentage of fluid uptake. The most significant factors and most optimal conditions were found by using central composite design. The most optimal conditions are: backbone ratio (1:1.2), pH (9), concentration of cross-linker (0.040 mol. L−1), time (24 h.), and concentration of initiator (0.0027 mol. L−1) to obtain the hydrogel with a mean maximum percentage swelling of 607.06%. The synthesized samples are analyzed by using a variety of characterization techniques like FTIR, FESEM, XRD, and EDS. Further, the hydrogel material is investigated as an adsorbent for the removal of Rose Bengal dye from the wastewater. It has been found that 93.75% of dye is removed in just 2.5 h. The negative values of \(\Delta G\) Δ G at all temperatures confirmed the adsorption of Rose Bengal is spontaneous. Therefore, the synthesized adsorbent effectively removes the toxic dye from wastewater, making it a sustainable and environment friendly approach.

Graphical abstract