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<p><i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> is a highly destructive plant-parasitic nematode responsible for significant yield losses in a wide range of vegetable crops. The present study investigated the phytochemical profile of <i>Selenicereus grandiflorus</i> and its application in the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), followed by evaluation of their nematicidal activity against <i>M. incognita</i>. ZnO NPs were synthesized using <i>S. grandiflorus</i> plant extract and characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), confirming the formation of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited a characteristic UV-Vis absorption peak at 336&#xa0;nm, confirming their formation within the expected range. XRD analysis revealed a highly crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of 10.48&#xa0;nm, while SEM and TEM observations showed predominantly irregular and spherical morphologies with an average particle size of 24.3&#xa0;nm. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive constituents, including phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, which likely contributed to nanoparticle synthesis and bioactivity. Both the crude plant extract and the synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited significant nematicidal effects; however, ZnO NPs demonstrated markedly enhanced efficacy. Exposure to ZnO NPs resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent increase in juvenile mortality, reaching 88.5%, 96.3%, and 99.0% at 24, 48, and 72&#xa0;h, respectively, at 1000&#xa0;µg/mL, and 25.83%, 33.5%, and 87.83% at 100&#xa0;µg/mL. Due to elevated control mortality (&gt; 20%) at 48–72&#xa0;h, lethal concentration values were calculated using Abbott-corrected 24&#xa0;h data, yielding LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of 354.9&#xa0;µg/mL (95% CI: 287.0-438.8) and 1410.6&#xa0;µg/mL (95% CI: 980.8–2029.0), respectively. These findings demonstrate that <i>S. grandiflorus</i>-mediated ZnO NPs possess strong nematicidal activity at sub-phytotoxic concentrations, highlighting their potential as an eco-friendly nanobiotechnological approach for managing plant-parasitic nematodes in sustainable agriculture.</p>

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Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Selenicereus grandiflorus Exhibit Potent Nematicidal Activity Against Meloidogyne incognita

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Sidra Ahmad,
  • Mian Afaq Ahmad,
  • Nayab Ahmad,
  • Fazal Umer,
  • Iqbal Munir,
  • Md. Shahinoor Islam,
  • Gulzar Ahmad,
  • Muhammad Ijaz,
  • Allah Ditta,
  • Rashid Iqbal,
  • Badr Aldahmash,
  • Ahmed Rady

摘要

Meloidogyne incognita is a highly destructive plant-parasitic nematode responsible for significant yield losses in a wide range of vegetable crops. The present study investigated the phytochemical profile of Selenicereus grandiflorus and its application in the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), followed by evaluation of their nematicidal activity against M. incognita. ZnO NPs were synthesized using S. grandiflorus plant extract and characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), confirming the formation of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited a characteristic UV-Vis absorption peak at 336 nm, confirming their formation within the expected range. XRD analysis revealed a highly crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of 10.48 nm, while SEM and TEM observations showed predominantly irregular and spherical morphologies with an average particle size of 24.3 nm. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive constituents, including phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, which likely contributed to nanoparticle synthesis and bioactivity. Both the crude plant extract and the synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited significant nematicidal effects; however, ZnO NPs demonstrated markedly enhanced efficacy. Exposure to ZnO NPs resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent increase in juvenile mortality, reaching 88.5%, 96.3%, and 99.0% at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, at 1000 µg/mL, and 25.83%, 33.5%, and 87.83% at 100 µg/mL. Due to elevated control mortality (> 20%) at 48–72 h, lethal concentration values were calculated using Abbott-corrected 24 h data, yielding LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of 354.9 µg/mL (95% CI: 287.0-438.8) and 1410.6 µg/mL (95% CI: 980.8–2029.0), respectively. These findings demonstrate that S. grandiflorus-mediated ZnO NPs possess strong nematicidal activity at sub-phytotoxic concentrations, highlighting their potential as an eco-friendly nanobiotechnological approach for managing plant-parasitic nematodes in sustainable agriculture.