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<p>The present study explores the isolation and probiotic characterization of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from raw goat milk (<i>Capra aegagrus hircus</i>) and evaluates their antagonistic potential against aquaculture pathogens. A total of 37 LAB isolates were screened, of which three strains <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> (VITSM-1), <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> (VITSM-2), and <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> (VITSM-3) were selected based on broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> and <i>Vibrio harveyi</i>. These isolates exhibited high tolerance to acidic pH (as low as 2.0), elevated salinity (up to 12%), and total ammonia nitrogen, reflecting their suitability for aquaculture conditions. Functional assays demonstrated significant antioxidant capacity through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and coaggregation, indicating strong adhesion potential and pathogen exclusion ability. Enzymatic profiling revealed proteolytic and lipolytic activities, further supporting their role in host digestion and nutrient assimilation. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the cell-free supernatants identified nine unique bioactive compounds. In-silico molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between these metabolites and critical <i>Vibrio</i> proteins involved in membrane integrity, DNA replication, and quorum sensing. All three isolates exhibited MIC values within EFSA microbiological cut-off limits, confirming their wild-type (WT) phenotype and absence of acquired resistance. Safety assessments confirmed that the isolates were non-hemolytic and non-toxic to <i>Artemia salina</i>, aligning with EFSA guidelines for probiotic use. Overall, these findings support the application of goat milk-derived LAB as natural, eco-friendly probiotics in aquaculture. Their robust functional properties and pathogen inhibitory effects suggest high potential for development into sustainable biocontrol agents to enhance aquatic animal health and reduce reliance on antibiotics.</p>

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Unravelling the Probiotic Potential of Raw Goat Milk Lactic Acid Bacteria and their Antagonistic Properties Against Aquatic Pathogens Belonging to Vibrio Species

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Manishkumar Tamilselvan,
  • Vidya Radhakrishnan,
  • Sudhakaran Raja

摘要

The present study explores the isolation and probiotic characterization of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from raw goat milk (Capra aegagrus hircus) and evaluates their antagonistic potential against aquaculture pathogens. A total of 37 LAB isolates were screened, of which three strains Lactobacillus acidophilus (VITSM-1), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (VITSM-2), and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (VITSM-3) were selected based on broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. These isolates exhibited high tolerance to acidic pH (as low as 2.0), elevated salinity (up to 12%), and total ammonia nitrogen, reflecting their suitability for aquaculture conditions. Functional assays demonstrated significant antioxidant capacity through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and coaggregation, indicating strong adhesion potential and pathogen exclusion ability. Enzymatic profiling revealed proteolytic and lipolytic activities, further supporting their role in host digestion and nutrient assimilation. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the cell-free supernatants identified nine unique bioactive compounds. In-silico molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between these metabolites and critical Vibrio proteins involved in membrane integrity, DNA replication, and quorum sensing. All three isolates exhibited MIC values within EFSA microbiological cut-off limits, confirming their wild-type (WT) phenotype and absence of acquired resistance. Safety assessments confirmed that the isolates were non-hemolytic and non-toxic to Artemia salina, aligning with EFSA guidelines for probiotic use. Overall, these findings support the application of goat milk-derived LAB as natural, eco-friendly probiotics in aquaculture. Their robust functional properties and pathogen inhibitory effects suggest high potential for development into sustainable biocontrol agents to enhance aquatic animal health and reduce reliance on antibiotics.