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Background <p>Patient referral is a&#xa0;key interface between training, quality assurance and care in psychotherapy. Despite its didactic and clinical relevance, referral practices have hardly been empirically studied to date and there are no objective criteria for selecting patients who are “suitable for training.”</p> Method <p>Based on data from the quality assurance project “Quality characteristics and care relevance of psychodynamic training outpatient clinics” (QVA), 1863 outpatients were examined with respect to, among other aspects, psychological symptom severity, structural impairment, conflict dynamics, aversive childhood experiences and psychopathological spectra (model for hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology, HiTOP). Patients who were referred to trainees (<i>n</i> = 624) were compared with those referred to standard care (<i>n</i> = 1239).</p> Results <p>The analyses show no significant differences across almost all clinical variables examined. Patients with referral to training candidates exhibit comparable stress profiles, structural limitations and interpersonal problems. Minor differences were only found in individual biographical variables.</p> Discussion <p>The findings indicate that patient referral to psychotherapeutic training outpatient clinics is currently largely carried out unsystematically. A&#xa0;structured, empirically based referral practice could improve the quality of training, steer learning processes in a&#xa0;more targeted manner and at the same time promote equity in care. Referral decisions should be further developed conceptually and empirically as an integral part of evidence-based psychotherapy training.</p>

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Empirische Befunde aus der Zuweisungspraxis von Patient:innen zu Aus- und Weiterbildungsbehandlungen

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • F. Juen,
  • Y. van Haaren,
  • M. Volz,
  • C. Benecke,
  • Regine Kroschel,
  • Stefan Nauenheim,
  • Susanne Hörz-Sagstetter,
  • Leonie Pleinert,
  • Hanna Sigel,
  • Thomas Huckert,
  • Michael Flohr,
  • Anette Müller,
  • Anna Kleinspehn-Ammerlahn,
  • Annalena Schröder,
  • Angela Dunker,
  • Friederike Augustin-Moretti,
  • Nicola Sahhar,
  • Simone Salzer,
  • Barbara Zenkert,
  • Stefan Buse,
  • Borbala Balazs,
  • Carolin Zweers,
  • Ceren Dogan,
  • Thomas Leitner,
  • S. Hörz-Sagstetter

摘要

Background

Patient referral is a key interface between training, quality assurance and care in psychotherapy. Despite its didactic and clinical relevance, referral practices have hardly been empirically studied to date and there are no objective criteria for selecting patients who are “suitable for training.”

Method

Based on data from the quality assurance project “Quality characteristics and care relevance of psychodynamic training outpatient clinics” (QVA), 1863 outpatients were examined with respect to, among other aspects, psychological symptom severity, structural impairment, conflict dynamics, aversive childhood experiences and psychopathological spectra (model for hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology, HiTOP). Patients who were referred to trainees (n = 624) were compared with those referred to standard care (n = 1239).

Results

The analyses show no significant differences across almost all clinical variables examined. Patients with referral to training candidates exhibit comparable stress profiles, structural limitations and interpersonal problems. Minor differences were only found in individual biographical variables.

Discussion

The findings indicate that patient referral to psychotherapeutic training outpatient clinics is currently largely carried out unsystematically. A structured, empirically based referral practice could improve the quality of training, steer learning processes in a more targeted manner and at the same time promote equity in care. Referral decisions should be further developed conceptually and empirically as an integral part of evidence-based psychotherapy training.