<p>The Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia constitutes a key grain production base in China. However, research on the spatiotemporal evolution of the groundwater depth and the underlying multifactor driving mechanism under short-cycle and high-intensity spring irrigation remains insufficient. Understanding the dynamic characteristics of the groundwater depth is important for ensuring the sustainable use of regional groundwater resources. To explore the spatiotemporal evolution trend, indirect effects, and factors influencing the groundwater depth during the spring irrigation period in the Hetao Irrigation District, a 3-year experiment was conducted in the Zuo Er Branch Canal. The groundwater depth and irrigation rate were analyzed on the basis of remote sensing technology, a spatial panel Durbin model, and the grey correlation analysis method. The results indicated that spring irrigation can significantly reduce the regional groundwater depth, and an obvious indirect spatial effect of the groundwater depth was observed between irrigated areas and adjacent nonirrigated areas. The average temperature dominated the direct effect, the average wind speed governed the indirect and total effects, the spring irrigation volume was the core factor influencing the irrigated area, the effect of the sunflower planting area was more notable than that of the maize planting area, and rainfall had the weakest influence. This study reveals the spatiotemporal response trend and multifactor coupled driving mechanism of the groundwater depth during spring irrigation, which can provide systematic theoretical support for optimizing irrigation scheduling and realizing refined management and sustainable development of groundwater resources in arid and semiarid irrigation districts.</p>