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<p>Accurate quantification of actual evapotranspiration (<i>E</i><sub><i>Ta</i></sub>) at the irrigation district scale is critical for water resource management, as its variability significantly impacts regional hydrological cycles. However, achieving precise and efficient <i>E</i><sub><i>Ta</i></sub> estimation remains challenging. This study focused on the Bosten Irrigation District (BST) in China. We first analyzed the long-term trend in potential evapotranspiration (<i>E</i><sub><i>PM</i></sub>) from 1959 to 2020, calculated using the Penman-Monteith equation with meteorological data. Subsequently, we employed the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model in Google Earth Engine (GEE) to reconstruct daily actual evapotranspiration (<i>E</i><sub><i>TSEBAL</i></sub> ) patterns from 1994 to 2024 using Landsat 4–9 imagery, capturing their spatiotemporal dynamics. A comparative assessment was conducted across <i>E</i><sub><i>TSEBAL</i></sub>, <i>E</i><sub><i>PM</i></sub>, and <i>E</i><sub><i>Ta</i></sub> using four widely used GEE datasets (PML_V2, MOD16A2, TerraClimate, and FLDAS) from 2001 to 2024. The results revealed that the <i>E</i><sub><i>Ta</i></sub> values from these public datasets were significantly lower than <i>E</i><sub><i>TSEBAL</i></sub>, which can be attributed to SEBAL’s more accurate representation of the enhanced water supply from agricultural irrigation. Furthermore, the <i>E</i><sub><i>TSEBAL</i></sub> showed a strong correlation with <i>E</i><sub><i>PM</i></sub> at the daily scale (<i>r</i> = 0.818). This study demonstrates that the SEBAL model produces physically plausible evapotranspiration estimates consistent with the high water consumption expected in intensively irrigated agricultural regions, providing a valuable perspective that complements global evapotranspiration datasets.</p>

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Estimation of actual evapotranspiration from the SEBAL model and comparison with four datasets in an irrigation district of China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Huan Cheng,
  • Dengfeng Liu,
  • Guanghui Ming,
  • Songjun Han,
  • Mohd Yawar Ali Khan,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Qiang Li

摘要

Accurate quantification of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) at the irrigation district scale is critical for water resource management, as its variability significantly impacts regional hydrological cycles. However, achieving precise and efficient ETa estimation remains challenging. This study focused on the Bosten Irrigation District (BST) in China. We first analyzed the long-term trend in potential evapotranspiration (EPM) from 1959 to 2020, calculated using the Penman-Monteith equation with meteorological data. Subsequently, we employed the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model in Google Earth Engine (GEE) to reconstruct daily actual evapotranspiration (ETSEBAL ) patterns from 1994 to 2024 using Landsat 4–9 imagery, capturing their spatiotemporal dynamics. A comparative assessment was conducted across ETSEBAL, EPM, and ETa using four widely used GEE datasets (PML_V2, MOD16A2, TerraClimate, and FLDAS) from 2001 to 2024. The results revealed that the ETa values from these public datasets were significantly lower than ETSEBAL, which can be attributed to SEBAL’s more accurate representation of the enhanced water supply from agricultural irrigation. Furthermore, the ETSEBAL showed a strong correlation with EPM at the daily scale (r = 0.818). This study demonstrates that the SEBAL model produces physically plausible evapotranspiration estimates consistent with the high water consumption expected in intensively irrigated agricultural regions, providing a valuable perspective that complements global evapotranspiration datasets.