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<p>Biogas slurry, a nutrient-rich effluent, supports circular nutrient reuse but often causes severe emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems through composite fouling. Although chemical cleaning is widely used, it adds environmental and operational burdens, underscoring the need for chemical-free mitigation supported by long-term evidence. In this study, drip irrigation systems supplied with cattle- and pig-derived slurry were operated for 780&#xa0;h to compare magnetized and non-magnetized lines in terms of fouling accumulation, hydraulic performance, and mineral phase evolution. Magnetic field treatment (MF) reduced total fouling dry mass by 18.4–59.3% and increased emitter flow retention by 65.8–183.3% relative to non-magnetized controls. X-ray diffraction showed that MF suppressed calcite and dolomite (47.9–75.1% and 53.0–58.9% reductions) while promoting aragonite formation. Structural equation modeling further indicated that MF weakened the coupling between crystalline and particulate pathways, reducing the co-development of composite fouling under nutrient-rich conditions. By integrating long-term operation with mineralogical and fouling-pathway analysis, this study shows that MF regulates multiphase fouling at its formation stage and provides a chemical-free, soil-safe approach to support stable, decentralized reclaimed-water irrigation.</p>

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Magnetic field control of composite fouling in anaerobic digestate-fed drip irrigation systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Weiyi Zhang,
  • Danlei Chen,
  • Wenjie Zhang,
  • Yang Xiao,
  • Yunkai Li

摘要

Biogas slurry, a nutrient-rich effluent, supports circular nutrient reuse but often causes severe emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems through composite fouling. Although chemical cleaning is widely used, it adds environmental and operational burdens, underscoring the need for chemical-free mitigation supported by long-term evidence. In this study, drip irrigation systems supplied with cattle- and pig-derived slurry were operated for 780 h to compare magnetized and non-magnetized lines in terms of fouling accumulation, hydraulic performance, and mineral phase evolution. Magnetic field treatment (MF) reduced total fouling dry mass by 18.4–59.3% and increased emitter flow retention by 65.8–183.3% relative to non-magnetized controls. X-ray diffraction showed that MF suppressed calcite and dolomite (47.9–75.1% and 53.0–58.9% reductions) while promoting aragonite formation. Structural equation modeling further indicated that MF weakened the coupling between crystalline and particulate pathways, reducing the co-development of composite fouling under nutrient-rich conditions. By integrating long-term operation with mineralogical and fouling-pathway analysis, this study shows that MF regulates multiphase fouling at its formation stage and provides a chemical-free, soil-safe approach to support stable, decentralized reclaimed-water irrigation.