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<p>This study evaluated the impact of irrigation quotas and fertilization timing on soil properties, rhizosphere bacterial communities, and cotton growth under shallow, mildly saline groundwater. A factorial design was implemented, comprising three fertilization treatments (T1–T3: 1/2&#xa0;N–1/2&#xa0;W, 1/4–1/2&#xa0;N–1/4&#xa0;W, 3/8–1/2&#xa0;N–1/8&#xa0;W) and four irrigation quotas (W1–W4: 300, 375, 450, 525&#xa0;mm), resulting in 12 treatment combinations. Irrigation exerted a stronger influence on bacterial diversity and function than fertilization timing. High irrigation (W4) enhanced Shannon and Pielou_J indices but decreased soil multifunctionality, likely due to nutrient leaching. Proteobacteria were dominant, while Patescibacteria declined under higher irrigation. Bacterial community assembly was influenced by both stochastic and deterministic processes, with total N, total P, pH, and salinity as primary factors. Cotton growth and yield peaked at 450&#xa0;mm (W3), suggesting that maintaining a moderate water–salt balance indirectly supports growth by stabilizing microbial function. These results recommend irrigation of approximately 450&#xa0;mm as an effective strategy for optimizing cotton performance while preserving favorable soil microbial conditions in regions with shallow, slightly saline groundwater.</p>

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Moderate irrigation quotas enhance cotton growth in slightly saline soils by stabilizing the rhizosphere microbiome

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Yurong Chang,
  • Mingsi Li,
  • Yulong Zhao,
  • Dongwei Li,
  • Shuai He

摘要

This study evaluated the impact of irrigation quotas and fertilization timing on soil properties, rhizosphere bacterial communities, and cotton growth under shallow, mildly saline groundwater. A factorial design was implemented, comprising three fertilization treatments (T1–T3: 1/2 N–1/2 W, 1/4–1/2 N–1/4 W, 3/8–1/2 N–1/8 W) and four irrigation quotas (W1–W4: 300, 375, 450, 525 mm), resulting in 12 treatment combinations. Irrigation exerted a stronger influence on bacterial diversity and function than fertilization timing. High irrigation (W4) enhanced Shannon and Pielou_J indices but decreased soil multifunctionality, likely due to nutrient leaching. Proteobacteria were dominant, while Patescibacteria declined under higher irrigation. Bacterial community assembly was influenced by both stochastic and deterministic processes, with total N, total P, pH, and salinity as primary factors. Cotton growth and yield peaked at 450 mm (W3), suggesting that maintaining a moderate water–salt balance indirectly supports growth by stabilizing microbial function. These results recommend irrigation of approximately 450 mm as an effective strategy for optimizing cotton performance while preserving favorable soil microbial conditions in regions with shallow, slightly saline groundwater.