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<p>In eastern China, a key rice-producing region, structural water scarcity and inappropriate nitrogen application have led to low resource use efficiencies, including radiation, water and nitrogen, thereby constraining rice productivity and sustainable agriculture. A significant deficiency of systematic information persists, precluding a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of various irrigation and fertilization strategies on rice yield, radiation use efficiency (RUE), water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in East China, alongside the potential interactions among these pivotal variables. Between 2022 and 2023, a comprehensive field experiment was undertaken in East China to investigate the impacts of various irrigation regimes and fertilization methods on grain yield, as well as the efficiencies of radiation, water, and nitrogen utilization. We evaluated two distinct irrigation regimes—conventional irrigation (CI) and alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD)—along with three fertilization methods: split application of urea (CK), broadcast placement of controlled-release urea (BCU), and side-deep placement of controlled-release urea (SDCU). Compared with CK and BCU, SDCU markedly increased grain yield and an array of resource utilization efficiency metrics, such as total water use efficiency, total radiation use efficiency, N use efficiency, across both irrigation regimes. Particularly, the treatment combination of AWD + SDCU had the highest level of all the above indexes among all the treatment combinations of the experiment. The SDCU + AWD treatment enhanced the post-heading photosynthetic capacity and leaf area duration by optimizing the leaf area index (LAI), photosynthesis rate, and nitrogen metabolism, and increased the crop growth rate from the heading to maturity, which in turn contributed to yield and resource use efficiency. By utilizing partial least squares path modeling and random forest analysis, we revealed how the above physiological parameters synergistically contributed to the increase in N accumulation, RUE, WUE, NUE, and biomass accumulation, and how these combined effects contributed to the increase in rice yield. This approach offers robust technical support for high-yield, efficient, and sustainable rice production in East China, fulfilling the established production objectives.</p>

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Side-deep placement of controlled-release urea combined with alternate wetting and drying irrigation optimizes radiation, water and nitrogen use efficiency and increases rice yields

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • Yuan Wang,
  • Kai Ming,
  • Yinghao Wang,
  • Song Guo,
  • Weiling Wang,
  • Can Zhao,
  • Ke Xu,
  • Zhongyang Huo

摘要

In eastern China, a key rice-producing region, structural water scarcity and inappropriate nitrogen application have led to low resource use efficiencies, including radiation, water and nitrogen, thereby constraining rice productivity and sustainable agriculture. A significant deficiency of systematic information persists, precluding a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of various irrigation and fertilization strategies on rice yield, radiation use efficiency (RUE), water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in East China, alongside the potential interactions among these pivotal variables. Between 2022 and 2023, a comprehensive field experiment was undertaken in East China to investigate the impacts of various irrigation regimes and fertilization methods on grain yield, as well as the efficiencies of radiation, water, and nitrogen utilization. We evaluated two distinct irrigation regimes—conventional irrigation (CI) and alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD)—along with three fertilization methods: split application of urea (CK), broadcast placement of controlled-release urea (BCU), and side-deep placement of controlled-release urea (SDCU). Compared with CK and BCU, SDCU markedly increased grain yield and an array of resource utilization efficiency metrics, such as total water use efficiency, total radiation use efficiency, N use efficiency, across both irrigation regimes. Particularly, the treatment combination of AWD + SDCU had the highest level of all the above indexes among all the treatment combinations of the experiment. The SDCU + AWD treatment enhanced the post-heading photosynthetic capacity and leaf area duration by optimizing the leaf area index (LAI), photosynthesis rate, and nitrogen metabolism, and increased the crop growth rate from the heading to maturity, which in turn contributed to yield and resource use efficiency. By utilizing partial least squares path modeling and random forest analysis, we revealed how the above physiological parameters synergistically contributed to the increase in N accumulation, RUE, WUE, NUE, and biomass accumulation, and how these combined effects contributed to the increase in rice yield. This approach offers robust technical support for high-yield, efficient, and sustainable rice production in East China, fulfilling the established production objectives.