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<p>Groundwater supports irrigated food production in the central and western United States. Groundwater decline in the Ogallala Aquifer region, observed in recent decades, indicates non-sustainable usage. Based on a decade-long study (2008–2017), we evaluated the effectiveness of the legislature (2013)&#xa0;that impose&#xa0;restrictions&#xa0;on&#xa0;groundwater&#xa0;over pumping and encourage groundwater conservation in Sheridan County, Kansas (SD-6) of Groundwater Management District 4 (GMD 4). We utilized remote-sensing energy and water balance model during the corn growing season (May through September), Landsat-derived vegetation indices (30&#xa0;m spatial resolution), PRISM precipitation data, SSURGO soil moisture characteristics, and NLDAS weather data for quantifying water balance components (~ 596&#xa0;km <sup>−2</sup>). Evapotranspiration (ET) and irrigation were simulated based on the assumption of well-watered conditions with management allowed depletion (MAD) of 0.5. Water right management units (WRMU) were used as experimental units (~ 150 fields) for statistical purposes, where WRMU shapes generally align with the shape of the center pivot of the respective field. Prior to restrictions, in-season water supply (irrigation plus precipitation) for the cultivated crops (corn, soybean, wheat, and grain sorghum) of WRMUs frequently exceeded expected consumptive water use (evapotranspiration). During the legislature&#xa0;period, in-season water supply rarely exceeded expected crop water use confirming the efficacy of water restrictions. Overall, stakeholder-led restrictions in groundwater allocations were 18% less than prior use which reduced withdrawals by 28%. We found that perceptions of expected water requirements shifted under the restrictions, with effective use of water conservation measures.</p>

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Water savings policy in western Kansas: a decade-long satellite-based examination

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月6日

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  • Ramesh Dhungel,
  • Robert Aiken,
  • Xiaomao Lin,
  • Shannon Kenyon,
  • Paul D. Colaizzi,
  • Dan O’Brien,
  • R. Louis Baumhardt,
  • Seth Kutikoff

摘要

Groundwater supports irrigated food production in the central and western United States. Groundwater decline in the Ogallala Aquifer region, observed in recent decades, indicates non-sustainable usage. Based on a decade-long study (2008–2017), we evaluated the effectiveness of the legislature (2013) that impose restrictions on groundwater over pumping and encourage groundwater conservation in Sheridan County, Kansas (SD-6) of Groundwater Management District 4 (GMD 4). We utilized remote-sensing energy and water balance model during the corn growing season (May through September), Landsat-derived vegetation indices (30 m spatial resolution), PRISM precipitation data, SSURGO soil moisture characteristics, and NLDAS weather data for quantifying water balance components (~ 596 km −2). Evapotranspiration (ET) and irrigation were simulated based on the assumption of well-watered conditions with management allowed depletion (MAD) of 0.5. Water right management units (WRMU) were used as experimental units (~ 150 fields) for statistical purposes, where WRMU shapes generally align with the shape of the center pivot of the respective field. Prior to restrictions, in-season water supply (irrigation plus precipitation) for the cultivated crops (corn, soybean, wheat, and grain sorghum) of WRMUs frequently exceeded expected consumptive water use (evapotranspiration). During the legislature period, in-season water supply rarely exceeded expected crop water use confirming the efficacy of water restrictions. Overall, stakeholder-led restrictions in groundwater allocations were 18% less than prior use which reduced withdrawals by 28%. We found that perceptions of expected water requirements shifted under the restrictions, with effective use of water conservation measures.